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retching that is elicited by stimulation of the sensitive tissues of the soft palate region
gag reflex
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gag reflex is a protective mechanism of the body that serves to what?
clear the airway of obstruction
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before gag reflex is initiated what two reactions occur
- cessation of respiration
- contraction of the muscles in the throat and abdomen
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what are the two precipitating factors responsible for initiating the gag reflex?
- psychogenic stimuli (mind)
- tactile stimuli (touch)
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what 4 things must the dental radiographer be aware of with a patient with a hypersensitive gag reflex?
- operator attitude
- pt and equipment prep
- exposure sequence
- film placement and technique
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what qualities must the operators attitude have?
- confidence
- patience, tolerance and understanding
- reassuring to patient
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what is the exposure sequencing for a patient with a gag reflex?
- start in anterior
- expose maxillary molar films last
-
what is the film placement and techniques for patients with a gag reflex
- avoid sliding film along palate
- demonstrate film placement before placement
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what must be done for extreme cases of gag reflex
extraoral films
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what is a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of an individuals major life activities?
disability
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a person with a physical disability may have problems with ____, _____, or _____.
-
what must be done if the patient has a vision impairment?
communicate using clear verbal explanations
-
what must be done if the patient has a hearing impariement?
- interpreter
- use gestures
- written instructions
- face patient and speak clearly and slowly
-
what must be done if a patient has a mobility impairment?
- assist pt in transferring to dental chair
- ask caregiver to assist
- attempt procedures will pt is in wheelchair
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what is a substantial impairment of mental or physical functioning that occurs before age 22 and is indefinite duration.
developmental disability
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what are some examples of a developmental disability
- autism
- cerebral palsy
- epilepsy
- mental retardation
-
what are 3 examples of patients with specific dental needs?
- pediatric
- endodontic
- edentulous
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what two things must come into play when prescribing radiographs to a pediatric patient?
-
the exposure factors must be _____ when taking radiographs on a child
reduced
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Management of children require that the dental radiographer be ____, ___, and ____.
- Confident
- patient
- understanding
-
what are 4 examples of helpful hints when managing a pediatric patient?
- show and tell
- reassure the patient
- request assistance
- postpone the examination
-
what does the endodontic procedure usually involve?
removal of the dental pulp
-
what can be used to aid positioning of film during a root canal procedure?
endoray film holder
-
what are the four reason that an edentulous patient requires radiographs?
- root tips, impacted teeth and lesions
- objects embedded in bone
- establish the position of normal anatomic landmarks
- observe the quantity and quality of the bone
-
what is the most common film used for an edentulous patient?
panoramic film
-
what must be placed on either side of the bite block when taking PAs of an endentulous patient?
cotton roll
-
the film should be positioned so that approximately __/__ of it extends beyond the edentulous ridge
1/3
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if a periapical exam is done how many PAs are taken
14
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if an occlusal and periapical exam are done how many films are taken?
6
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