Blood and Lymphatic Systems

germ or bud

color

juice

cell

blood

safe

clear fluid

form

bone marrow or spinal cord

eat or swallow

formation

a net

spleen

clot

thymus gland

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

alanine aminotransferase (enzyme)

aspartate aminotransferase (enzyme)

basic metabolic panel

blood urea nitrogen

complete blood count

comprehensive metabolic panel

carbon dioxide

computed tomography

erthrocyte sedimentation rate

hematocrit

hemoglobin

human immunodeficiency virus

mean corpuscular (cell) hemoglobin

mean corpuscular (cell) hemoglobin concentration

mean corpuscular (cell) volume

natural killer (cell)

positron-emission tomography

platelet count

polymorphonuclear (leukocyte)

prothrombin time

partial thromboplastin time

red blood cell; red blood count

white blood cell; white blood count

liquid portion of the blood and lymph; contains water, proteins, and cellular components

liquid portion of the blood that remains after clotting

red blood cell; transports oxygen and carbon dioxide

the protein-iron cmpd in erythrocytes that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide

white blood cell; protects the body from harmful invading substances

a group of leukocytes containing granules in their cytoplasm

a granular leukocyte, named for the neutral stain of its granules, that fights infection by swallowing bacteria

another term for neutrophil, referring to the many segments in its nucleus

a granular leukocyte, named for the rose-colored stain of its granules, that increases in allergic and some infectious reactions

a granular leukocyte, named for the dark stain of its granules, that brings anticoagulant substances to inflamed tissues

a group of leukocytes w/out granules in their nuclei

an agranulocytic leukocyte that is active in the process of immunity; the three categories of lymphocytes are T cells (thympus-dependent), B cells (bone marrow-derived), and natural killer (NK) cells

an agranulocytic leukocyte that performs phagocytosis to fight infection

thrombocytes; cell fragments in the blood that are essential for blood clotting

primary gland of the lymphatic system, located within the mediastinum, that helps to maintain the body's immune response by producing T lymphocytes

organ between the stomach and the diaphragm that filters out agin blood cells, removes cellular debris by performing phagocytosis, and provides and environment for lymphocytes to initiate immune repsonses

fluid that is circulated through the lymph vessels

microscopic vessles that draw lymph from tissues to the lymph vessels

vessels that receive lymph from the lymph capillaries and circulate it to the lymph nodes

specialized lymph vessels in the small intestine that absorb fat into the bloodstream

white or pale yellow substance in lymph that contains fatty substances absorbed by the lacteals

many small, oval structures that filter lymph from the lymph vessels; major locations include the cervical, axillary, and inguinal regions

collecting channels that carry lymph from the lymph nodes to the veins

receives lymph from the right upper party of the body

receives lymph from the left side of the head, neck, chest, abdomen, left arm and lower extremities

process fo disease protection induced by exposure to an antigen

a substance that, when introduced into the body, causes the formation of antibodies against it

a substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates an antigen that has entered the body

a long-lasting immunity that results from stimulation the body to produce its own antibodies; developed either naturally, in response to an infection, or artificially, in response to the administration of a vaccine

a short-lasting immunity that results from foreign antibodies that are conveyed either naturally, through the placenta to a fetus, or artificially, by injection of a serum containing antibodies

presence of small red blood cells

presence of large red blood cells

presence of red blood cells of unequal size

presence of large, irregularyly shaped red blood cells

an increased number of immature erythrocytes in the blood

an abnormally reduced number of red blood cells

an abnormall reduced number of lymphocytes

a decreased number of neutrophils

an abnormally decreased number of platelets in the blood impairing the clotting process

breakdown of the red blood cell membrane

impaired immunologive defenses caused by an immunodeficiency disorder or by therapy with immunosuppressive agents

impaired ability to provide an immune response

enlarged (diseased) lymph nodes

enlargement of the spleen

a syndrome caused by HIV that renders immune cells ineffective, permitting opportunistic infections, malignancies, and neurologic diseases to develop; transmitted sexually or through contaminated blood.

a condition of reduced numbers of red blood cells, hemoglobin, or packed red cells in the blood, resulting in a diminished ability of red blood cells to transport oxygen to the tissues

a normocytic-normochromic type of anemia characterized by the failure of bone marrow to produce red blood cells

a microcytic-hypochromic type of anemia characterized by a lack of iron that affects the production of hemoglobin and is characterized by small red blood cells containing low amounts of hemoglobin

a macrocytic-normochromic type of anemia characterized by an inadequate supply of vitamin B12, causing red blood cells to become large, varied in shape, and reduced in number

any disorder characterized by abnormal function of the immune system that causes the body to produce antibodies against itself, resulting in tissue destruction or loss of function, rheumatoid arthritis and lupus are examples of autoimmune diseases

a disorder that results from the incompatibility of a fetus with Rh-positive blood and a mother with Rh-negative blood, causing red blood cell destruction in the fetus; a blood transfusion is necessary to save the fetus

presence or lack of antigens on the surface or red blood cells, which causes a reaction between Rh-positive blood and Rh-negative blood

presence of antigen

absence of antigens

hereditary disorder with an excessive buildup of iron deposits in the body

a group of hereditary bleeding disorders cuased by a defect in clotting factors necessary for the coagulation of blood

chronic or acute malignant (cancerous) disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by an abnormal leukocytes in the blood and bone marrow

disorder within the bone marrow characterized by a proliferation of abnormal stem cells (cells that give rise to different types of blood cells); usually develops into specific type of leukemia

any neoplastice disorder of lymph tissue, usually malignant, as in Hodgkin disease

process by which cancer cells are spread by blood or lymph circulation to a distant organ; plural form, metastases, indicates spreading to two or more distant sites

condition caused by the Epstein-Barr virus and characterized by an increase in mononuclear cells (monocytes and lymphocytes) in the blood along with enlarged lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy), fatigue, and sore throat (pharyngitis)

increased number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the blood

systemic disease caused by infection with microorganisms and their toxins in circulating blood

incision into or puncture of a vein to withdraw blood for testing.

test of the fluid portion of the blood to measure the amounts of its chemical constituents

specialized batteries of automated blood chemistry tests performed on a single sample of blood; used as a general screen for disease or to target specific organs or conditions

battery of tests used as a general screen for disease; includes tests for calcium, carbon dioxide, chloride, creatine, glucose, potassium, sodium, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

tests performed in addition to the basic panel for expanded screening: albumin, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, protein, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and asparate aminotransferase (AST)

test to determine if infection is present in the bloodstream by isolating a specimen of blood in an environment that encourages the growth of the microorganisms; the speciment is observed, and the organisms that grow in the culture are identified

a measure of the number of CD4 cells in the blood; used in monitoring the course of HIV and in timing the treatment of AIDS; the normal adult range is 600-1500 cells in a given volume of blood

timed test that meausres the rate at which red blood cells settle through a volume of plasma

test to determine coagulation defects, such as platelet disorders

substance present in tissues, platelets, and leukocytes that is necessary for coagulation

test to measure activity of prothrombin in the blood

protein substance in the blood that is essential ot the clotting process

a commom lab blood test performed as a screen of general health or for diagnostic purposes and typically includes the componenet tetsts that follow; test results are usually reported along with normal values so that the clinician can interpret the results based on the instrumentation used by the lab; normal ranges also may vary depending on the region and climate

a count of the number of white blood cells in a given colume of blood obtained via manual or automated lab methods

a count of the number of red blood cells in a given colume of blood obtained via manual or automated lab methods

a test to determine the blood level of hemoglobin (expressed in grams)

a measurement of the percentage of packed red blood cells in a given volume of blood

calculations of RBC, HGB, and HCT results to determine the avg size, hemoglobin concentration, and content of red blood cells to classify an anemia

calculation of the volume (size) of individual red blood cells using HCT and RBC results MCV=HCT/RBC

calculation of the content (weight) of hemoglobin in the avg red blood cell using HGB and RBC results: MCH=HBG/RBC

calculation of the avg hemoglobin concentration in each red blood cell using HGB and HCT results: MCHC=HGB/HCT

• determination of the number of each type of white blood cell (leukocyte) in a stained blood smear; each type is counted and reported as a percentage or the total examined
• lymphocytes 25-33%
• monocytes 3-7%
• neutrophils 54-75%
• eosinophils 1-3%
• basophils 0-1%

as part of identifying and counting the white blood cells, the condition, size, and shape of red blood cells in the background of the smeared slide are noted

calculation of the number of thrombocytes in the blood; the normal adult range is 150,000-450,000 platelets in a given volume of blood

needle aspiration of bone marrow tissue for pathologive examination

pathologic examination of bone marrow tissue

an x-ray image of a lymph node or vessel obtained after injection of a contrast medium

full body x-ray CT images are used to detect tumors and cancers such as lymphoma

scanning technique combing nuclear mdicine and computed tomography technology to produce images of anatomy and metabolic function within the body; useful in determining the recurrence of cancers or to measure response to therapy; commonly used in evaluation lymphoma

transplantation of healthy bone marrow from a compatible donor to a diseased recipient to stimulate blood cell production

removal of a lymph node

incision into a lymph node

removal of possible cancer-caryying lymph nodes for pathologic exam

removal of the spleen

removal of the thymus gland

introduction of blood products into the circulation of a recipient whose blood volume is reduced or deficient in some manner

blood donated by and stored for a patient for future personal use

blood voluntarily donated by any person for transfusion to a compatible recipient

transfusion of a specific blood component, such as packed red blood cells, platelets, or plasma

method of matching a donor's blood to the recipient by mixing a sample in a test tube to determine compatibility

treatment of malignancies, infections, and other diseases with chemical agents to destroy selected cells or to impair their ability to reproduce

use of biologic agents to prevent or treat disease by stimulating the body's own defense mechanisms, as seen in the treatment of AIDs, cancer, or allergy

removal of plasma from the body with separation and extraction of specific elements followed by reinfusion

a drug that prevents clotting of the blood

a drug that stops the flow of blood within the vessels

a drug that causes a narrowing of blood vessels, thereby decreasing blood flow

a drug that cuases dilation of blood vessels, thereby increasing blood flow