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a:
either long "a" as in care or short as in belt
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a:u
- always long: boy, Fra:ulein
- although in names like Mattha:us or Irena:us, "a" and "u" pronounced separately
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b
- when final, pronounce as a "p" but unaspirated
- Jacob
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ch
- after "a", "o", "u" and "au" pronounce gutterally (Bach, Tochter, auch)
- In "Christ" pronounce as a "k"
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d
when final, pronounce "t" but unaspirated (und)
-
e
- either long as obey, but with narrower lips be'be',
- or short as dress
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g
- initially "g" as in got;
- when final, pronounce "k" but unaspirated
-
h
- initial: "h" as in her;
- after vowel, elongates vowel "Sohn";
- between vowels, not pronounces "sehen"
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i
- either long "see"
- or short "kiss"
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k
always pronounced even initially before n (Knecht)
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o
- either long as boat
- or short as got
-
o:
- either long as whirl (w/ lips pushed forward; erlo:ser)
- or short like Fr "peu" (Go:tter)
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qu
pronounced "kv" (Quelle)
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s
- before vowel, pronounced "z"
- finally, always pronounced "s"
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st
- at beginning of syllable: sht
- at end of syllable: st
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u
either long as moot or short as push
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u:
- either long as eat, but with lips pushed forward to a point
- or short (same sound shortened)
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y
- pronounced as u:
- long: eat
- short: it
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