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Psychology
The scientific study of mind and behaviour
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Mind
Our private inner experience of perceptions, thoughts, memories, and feelings.
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Behavior
Observable actions of human beings and nonhuman animals
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Nativism
Certain kinds of knowledge are innate or inborn
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Empiricism
All knowledge is acquired though experience
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Phrenology
The defunct theory that certain mental abilities an characteristics are localized in specific parts of the brain
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Physiology
The study of mental processes, especially in the human body
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Stimulus
Sensory input from the environment
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Reaction Time
The amount of time taken to respond to a specific stimulus
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Consciousness
A person's subjective experience of the world and the mind
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Structuralism
Analysis of the basic elements that constitute the mind.
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Introspection
A subjective observation of one's own experience
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Functionalism
The study of the purposes mental processes serve in enabling people to adapt to their environment.
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Natural Selection
Charles Darwin's theory that the features of an organism that help it survive and reproduce are more likely than other features to be passed on to subsequent generations
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Illusions
Errors in perception, memory or judement in which subjective experience differs from objective reality
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Gesalt Psychology
A greek approach that emphasizes that we often percieve the whole rather than the sum of the parts.
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Dissociative Identity Disorder
A condition where there are 2 or more distinct identities with an individual
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Hysteria
Temporary loss of cognitive or motor functions, usually due to an emotionally upsetting experience.
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Unconscious
the part of the mind that operates outside the conscious awareness but influences conscious feelings, actions, and thoughts.
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Psychoanalytic Theory
Sigmund Freud's approach to understanding human behaviour that emphasizes the importance of unconscious mental processes in shaping feelings, thoughts, and behaviours.
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Psychoanalysis
A therapeutic approach that focuses on bringing unconscious material into conscious awareness to better understand psychological disorders.
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Humanistic Psychology
An approach to understanding human nature that emphasizes the positive potential of human beings.
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Behaviourism
An approach that advocates that psychologists restrict themselves to the scientific study of objectivesly observable behaviour.
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Response
An action or physiological change elicited by a stimulus.
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Reinforcement
The consequences of a behaviour that determine whether it will be more likely that the behaviour will occur again.
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Cognitive Psychology
The scientific study of mental processes, including perception, thought, memory, and reasoning.
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Behavioural Neuroscience
An approach to psychology that links psychological processes to activities in the nervous system and other bodily processes.
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Cognitive Neuroscience
A field that attempts to understand the links between cognitive processes and brain activity
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Evolutionary Psychology
A psychological approach that explains mind and behaviour in terms of the adaptive value of abilities that are perserved over time by natural selection.
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Social Psychology
A subfield of psychology that studies the causes and consequences of interpersonal behaviour.
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Cultural Psychology
A study of how cultures reflect and shape the psychological processes of their members.
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