-
A name commonly used as a synonym for the Ice Age is ________
Pleistocene epoch
-
A ______ cross-valley profile is typical of canyons and valleys eroded and deepened by alpine or valley glaciers.
u
-
A sheet of ice that covers a large land mass such as a continent is called _____
Continental glacier
-
T or F:
Despite infrequent rainfalls, eronsional and depositional features of running water are important in desert landscapes.
True
-
Desert pavement is the result of ______
Deflation
-
During the most recent glaciers covered about _____ percent of Earth's land area.
30
-
Ice Age glaciers had many indirect effects. Which one of the following was NOT such an effect?
formation of mountains
-
Which process occurs where a glacier enters the sea?
calving
-
The Basin and Range region of the western US is an excellent example of a mountainous desert landscape.
True
-
The current theory concerning the cause of the Ice Ages includes which of the following.
- a. A change in earth's orbit from elliptical to circular.
- b. A change in the degree of Earth's tilt on its axis
BOTH
-
In the early part of the 20 century, ______ argued forcefully for continental drift
Alfred Wegener
-
The former late Paleozoic super continent is known as ______
Pangaea
-
The _____ is an example of an active, continent-continent collision.
northward movement of India into Eurasia
-
Pull-apart rift zones are generally associated with a _____ plate boundary.
Divergent
-
A very long-lived magma source located deep in the mantle is called a _____
hot spot
-
Which of the following energy sources is thought to drive the lateral motions of earth's lithospheric plates?
export of heat from deep in the mantle to the tope of the asthenosphere
-
The continental drift hypothesis was rejected primarily becuase Alfred Wegener could not ______
identify a mechanism capable of moving continents
-
All of the following are evidence supporting the theory of plate tectonics except for ______
changes in the Moon's orbit due to shifting plates
-
New Oceanic crust and lithosphere are formed at ______
divergent boundaries by submarine eruptions and intrusions of basaltic magma
-
Deep ocean trenches are surficial evidence for ____
Sinking of oceanic lithosphere into the mantle at a subduction zone.
-
A transform plate boundary is characterized by _______
a deep, vertical fault along which two plates slide past one another in opposite directions
-
Which one of the following is an improtant fundamental assumption underlying the plate tectonic theory?
Earth's diameter has been essentially constant over time
-
When an earthquake occurs, energy radiates in all directions from its source. The source is also referred to as the _____
focus
-
Which one of the following statements is correct?
S waves travel through solids and P waves travel through liquids
-
Major earthquakes are often followed by somewhat smaller events known as ____
aftershocks
-
The position on the Earth's surface directly above the earthquake source is called the
epicenter
-
Overall, this type of seismic wave is most destructive ______
surface wave
-
Which of the following best characterizes tsunamis?
They have relatively small amplitudes compared to their very long wavelengths
-
____ refers to the tendency for a foundation material to lose its internal cohesion and fail mechanically during earthquake shaking
liquefaction
-
most of our knowledge about Earth's interior comes from _____
seismic waves
-
The Earth's magnetic field originates by ____
weak electrical currents associate with fluid motions in the outer core
-
Earthquake zones are closely correlated with ____
plate boundaries
-
The oceanic crust is _____ in composition
basaltic
-
Our understanding of the earth's core comes from ____
meteorites
-
Which type of basaltic lava flow has a fairly smooth, unfragmented, ropy surface?
pahoehoe
-
______ is a major dissolved volatile consituent in both magma and volcanic gases
water
-
The _____ ocean basin is rimmed by the most subduction zones
pacific
-
Cinder cones ______
- a. have very steep slopes
- b. are usually less than 300 meters (1000 ft) high
- c. consist largely of pyroclastics
- d. All of these
-
The most violent volcanic activity is associated with ______
composite cones
-
Kilauea is an example of a
shield volcano
-
_____ are usually the abundant gases emitted furing basaltic volcanism.
water and carbon dioxide
-
Magma tends to rise toward Earth's surface principally because
rocks become less dense when they melt
-
Mt St Helens is ___
an explosive stratovolcano
-
A _______ volcano is a very large, gently sloping mound composed mainly of basaltic lava flows
shield
-
A ______ volcano is a very large, gently sloping mound composed mainly of basaltic lava flows
shield
-
Most of the active volcanoes of Earth are located in a belt known as the ______
Ring of Fire
-
T or F:
Ash and Lapilli are different sized pyroclastic particles.
True
-
Factors that influence the strength of a rock include ____
- a. temp and pressure
- b. long periods of time
- c. type of rock
- d. all of these
-
An anticline is where a stratum has _____
upfolded
-
Faults are ____ in rocks along which appreciable displacement has taken place.
breaks
-
A large strike-slip fault that cuts throught he lithosphere is a ____ fault
transformed
-
The processes that collectively produce a mountain belt are called ______
orgenesis
-
The Andes Mountains are an example of mountain building along a _____
continental margin
-
Island-arc mountain building occurs along _______
convergent zones
-
Terranes are accreted crustal blocks that collide with contiental margins. At one time the terranes may have been _____
microcontinents
-
Fault-block mountains are cause by uplifted normal faults. An example of this type of mountain building is ____
Grand Tetons
-
Crustal uplift is caused by ____
- a. intrusion of plutons
- b. gravitational balance of the crust
- c. removal of weight from the crust
- d. all of these
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