Unit 2

Reflected customs and principles establiched over time

Written demands presented to King John

An agreement between two or more parties, especially one that is written and enforceable by law

To have the law work in known, orderly ways

England's national legislature

Claim that a king's power came from God

Absolute power, especially when exercised harshly or unjustly

Law that states that every object in the universe attracts every other object

The agreement in which people create a strong government which Hobbes said was necessary to have order

Argued in favor of the seperation of powers among different branches of government to check the power of any one individual or group

The Catholic Church put him on trial for supporting the ideas of Copernicus

Power is divided in U.S. Constitution between national and state government

Criticized heavy reliance on the conclusions of Aristotle and urged scientists to use empiricism

French social critics who believed that people could apply reason to all aspects of life

A new intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problems

A new way of thinking about natural world based on careful observation and a willingness to question accepted belief

Believed that people are born free and equal all with these natural rights-life, liberty and property

American system based on ideas of Montesquieu to prevent a too powerful central government

Believed that God was the creator of the orderly universe and developed a single theory of motion

Believed that the social contract should be among free individuals to create a society and a government

Places where intellectuals gathered in Paris to discuss ideas

Federalists promised to add this to the U.S. constitution to gain support for it

The earth-centered view of the universe

A logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas

American colonists argued they could not be taxed because they had no representation here

Belief that the stars, the earth, and other planets revolve around the sun

He often used satire against his opponent, which frequently included the clergy (church officials), aristocracy and the government

Relied on mathematics and logic instead of expirementation. Believed that everything should be doubted until proven by reason.

Monarchs who embraced Enlightenment ideas and made reforms based on them

Another name given to Enlightenment