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Classes of body minerals:
Major and trace
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Functions of minerals:
- building tissue &
- activating, regulating, transmitting and controlling metabolic processes
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Calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, & sulfur are:
major minerals
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________ functions in bone and tooth formation, blood clotting, muscle and nerve action & metabolic reactions.
Calcium
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Calcium functions in absorption of _____.
B12
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______ functions in activation of pancreatic lipase
calcium
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_______ functions in the secretion of insulin
calcium
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________ function in cell membrane permeability.
calcium
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deficiency state of calcium:
osteoporosis
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Toxicity symptoms of calcium is:
kidney stones
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Food sources of calcium are:
milk, green vegetables, fish with bones & fortified foods.
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Bone and tooth formation
energy metabolism
oxidation of carbohydrates, fat & proteins
Energy and protein metabolism
cell function and genetic inheritance as well as
Acid-base balance are all functions of:
phosphorus
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Deficiency states of phosphorus are:
rare
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Toxicity states of phosphorus are:
rare
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food sources of phosphorus are:
milk/dairy, fish and eggs
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_______ functions in water balance, acid-base balance, muscle action and nutrient absorption.
sodium
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Deficiency states of ______ are rare except during heavy sweating, strenuous activity in heat, and can result in acid/base imbalance & muscle cramps.
sodium
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Toxicity symptoms of ______ are salt sensitivity and hypertension.
sodium
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________ functions in water balance
-metabolic reactions (conversion of glucose to glycogen, storage of nitrogen in muscles and production of energy)
Potassium
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_______ also functions in muscle action, insulin release and blood pressure.
potassium
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Toxicity of ______ can cause heart muscle weakness, possible cardiac arrest.
potassium
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Food sources of potassium are:
fruit, veggies, whole grains, fresh meats
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Functions of ________ are digestion and respiration
chloride
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deficiency of chloride includes:
excessive vomiting, deficiency and metabolic alkalosis
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Food source of chloride:
table salt
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Magnesium functions include:
- General metabolism
- Protein synthesis
- Muscle action
- Basal metabolic rate (influences thyroxine)
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Deficiency states of magnesium includes:
- muscle weakness
- cramps
- hypertension
- blood vessel constriction in heart & brain
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Food sources of magnesium:
nuts, soybeans, cocoa, seafood, peas & green veggies
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Functions of ______ include hair, skin and nails, general metabolic functions, vitamin structure and collagen structure
sulfur
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Deficiency and toxicity of _______ are none.
sulfur
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Food sources of sulfur are:
meat, nuts, soy, fish, cheese and eggs
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Trace element_____ functions in hemoglobin synthesis & general metabolism
iron
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Deficiency of _____ is anemia
iron
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Toxicity of iron is:
hemochromatosis
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Food sources of iron:
heme, nonheme
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Heme food sources are _____ sources
animal
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Nonheme food sources are:
plants
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