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What is cornification?
Epithelial cells are differentiated between nail, hair and skin
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When do eccrine glands mature?
2 months of age
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What does eccrine gland secrete?
Dilute Saline solution
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What does apocrine gland secrete?
Milky white substance that interacts with surface bateria and produce odor
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What do sebaceous glands secrete?
Lipid-rich sebum to keep skin and hair from drying out
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What degree of burn has intact dermis and epidermis?
1st degree
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What degree of burn has intact dermis but epidermis is damaged?
2nd degree
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What degree of burn has damaged dermis and epidermis and exposed adipose tissue?
3rd degree
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When do hair follicles develop?
3 months gestation
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What is striae gravidarium?
Stretch marks
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What is physiologic cause of … in older adults?
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When is skin assessment performed?
Throughout the exam
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What kinds of subjective data are collected during skin assessment?
- History of skin disorder
- Change in pigmentation
- Change in a mole
- Excess dryness/moisture
- Excess bruising
- Rash/lesion
- Wound healing changes
- Hair loss
- Changes in nails
- Medications
- Environmental hazards
- Health promotion practices
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What is vitiligo?
Absence of melanin pigment in patchy areas
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What is turgor?
Elasticity of skin
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What signs are you looking for when assessing lesions?
- Color
- Pattern
- Elevation
- Shape
- Size
- Location
- Exudate
- Odor
- Palpate lesions
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What is annular lesion?
Round lesion
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What is a target lesion?
Looks like a target (Lyme disease)
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What is confluent?
Hives, coming together
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What is discreet?
Solitary
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What is macule?
Flat, nonpalpable – solely color change, less than 1 cm
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What is patch?
Macule > 1cm
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What is a papule?
Elevated, palpable less than 1 cm
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What is a plaque?
Elevated, > 1cm
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What is a wheal?
Raised, erythematous, irregular
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What is urticaria?
Wheals join to form an extensive reaction
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What is a vesicle?
elevated cavity containing clear fluid < 1cm
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What is a bulla?
– elevated cavity with clear fluid > 1cm
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What is pustule?
Elevated cavity containing pus
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What is a cyst?
encapsulated fluid filled cavity in dermis or subcutaneous layer
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What is petechiae?
Pinpoint hemorrhage, non-blanchable
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What is purpura?
Larger areas of subQ bleeding. They are palpable, not blanchable.
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What is ecchymoses?
Bruising, non-blanchable
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What is the incidence of basal cell carcinoma?
1/8 americans
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Which skin cancer is the most prevalent?
Basal cell carcinoma
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What are the early signs of melanoma?
- A – asymmetry
- B – border
- C - color
- D - diameter
- E – elevation/enlargement
- 2 or more present need to be referred
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What is the difference between friction and shear?
- Friction is on the outside of the skin from movement
- Shear occurs under the skin when skin is pullover bone
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What is deep tissue injury?
Purple or maroon localized area of discolored skin or blood filled blister
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What is unstageable ulcer?
Full-thickness tissue loss in which base of ulcer is covered with slough
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