The flashcards below were created by user
reley04
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
-
@ Generally, the best ultrasonic testing method for detecting
- discontinuities oriented along the fusion zone in a welded plate
- is:
- \d
|
| A. An angle-beam contact method using surface waves. | | B. A contact test using a straight longitudinal wave. | | C. An immersion test using surface waves. | | D. An angle-beam method using shear waves. |
- ^A. Sorry! The surface waves do not propagate through the
- thickness of a thick plate.
- ^B. No, a straight zero degree test is not the best approach.
- ^C. Incorrect, surface waves do not propagate in immersion mode.
- ^D. You got it!
-
@ An ultrasonic testing instrument that displays pulses
- representing the magnitude of reflected ultrasound as a function
- of time or depth of metal is said to contain:
- \b
|
| A. A continuous wave display. | | B. An A-scan presentation. | | C. A B-scan presentation. | | D. A C-scan presentation. |
- ^A. Sorry, you are wrong.
- ^B. You are correct.
- ^C. No, a B-scan presents a cross-sectional view.
- ^D. Sorry! The C-scan presents a plan view.
-
@ At a water-to-steel interface the angle of incidence in water
- is 7 degrees. The principal mode of vibration that exists in the
- steel is:
- \c
|
| A. Longitudinal | | B. Shear | | C. Both A and B | | D. Surface |
- ^A. Yes, but there is another type of wave too. Apply Snell's
- Law.
- ^B. Yes, but there is another type of wave too. Apply Snell's
- Law.
- ^C. You got it!
- ^D. Incorrect, apply Snell's law.
-
@ In a liquid medium, the only mode of vibration that exists is:
- \a
|
| A. Longitudinal | | B. Shear | | C. Both A and B | | D. Surface |
- ^A. You are correct.
- ^B. No, this mode does not exist in liquids.
- ^C. No, only one of the above exists in liquids.
- ^D. Sorry! Surface waves do not travel through the liquids.
-
@ In an ultrasonic instrument, the number of pulses produced by an instrument in a given period of time is known as the:
|A. Pulse length of the instrument.|
B. Pulse recovery time.|
C. Frequency.|
D. Pulse repetition rate.
- \ d
- ^A. No. Look at the units.
- ^B. No. Look at the units.
- ^C. Sorry! Frequency is related to the transducer.
- ^D. You are correct.
-
@ In a basic pulse-echo ultrasonic instrument, the component that coordinates the action and timing of other components iscalled a:
|A. Display unit or CRT.|
B. Receiver.|
C. Marker circuit or range marker circuit.|
D. Synchronizer, clock, or timer.
- \d
- ^A. Sorry! Information is displayed on CRT.
- ^B. Sorry! Receiver amplifies a signal.
- ^C. Sorry! Try again.
- ^D. Excellent!
-
@ In a basic pulse-echo ultrasonic instrument, the component that produces the voltage that activates the search unit is called:
A. An amplifier|
B. A receiver|
C. Pulser|
D. A synchronizer
\c
- ^A. Sorry! An amplifier amplifies a signal.
- ^B. Sorry! An amplifier amplifies a signal.
- ^C. You are absolutely correct.
- ^D. Sorry! Synchronizer coordinates the action and timing of
- components.
-
@ In a basic-pulse-echo ultrasonic instrument, the voltage producing component which activates the search unit is called:
A. Sweep circuit|
B. Receiver|
C. Pulser|
D. Synchronizer
-
\a
- ^A. Excellent
- ^B. Sorry! Receiver amplifies the signal.
- ^C. Sorry! Pulser produces voltage that activates the search
- unit.
- ^D. Sorry! Synchronizer coordinates the action and timing of
- components.
-
@ In a basic pulse-echo ultrasonic instrument, the component that produces visible signals on the CRT which are used to measuredistance is called a:
A. Sweep circuit|
B. Marker circuit|
C. Receiver circuit|
D. Synchronizer
- \b
- ^A. Sorry! Try again.
- ^B. You've got it.
- ^C. Sorry! Receiver amplifies the signal.
- ^D. Sorry! The synchronizer coordinates action and timing.
-
@ Most basic pulse-echo ultrasonic instruments use:
- \b
|
| A. Automatic read-out equipment. | | B. An A-scan presentation. | | C. A B-scan presentation. | | D. A C-scan presentation. |
- ^A. No, most equipment have signal amplitude and time display.
- ^B. You are correct.
- ^C. No, most equipment have signal amplitude and time dispplay.
- ^D. No, most equipment have signal amplitude and time display.
-
@ The cathode ray tube screen will display a plan view of the part outline and defects when using:
|A. Automatic read-out equipment.|
B. An A-scan presentation.|
C. A B-scan presentation.|
D. A C-scan presentation.
- \d
- ^A. Incorrect. Try harder.
- ^B. Sorry! A-scan shows signal amplitude and time display.
- ^C. No, a B-scan shows a cross sectional view.
- ^D. You are right.
-
@ The incident angles at which 90 degrees refraction of longitudinal and shear waves occurs are called:
A. The normal angles of incidence.|
B. The critical angles.|
C. The angles of maximum reflection.|
D. None of the above
-
\b
- |.
- ^A. No. The key word is "90 degrees refraction."
- ^B. You are correct.
- ^C. No. The key words are "90 degrees refraction."
- ^D. No. There is a correct answer.
-
@ Compression waves whose particle displacement is parallel to the direction of propagation are called:
|A. Longitudinal waves|
B. Shear waves|
C. Lamb waves|
D. Rayleigh waves
- \a
- ^A. You are correct.
- ^B. Sorry! In this case, the particle displacement is
- perpendicular.
- ^C. No, in this case, particle displacement is complex.
- ^D. No, in this case, particle displacement is elliptical.
-
@ Which of the following modes of vibration are quickly damped out when testing by the immersion method?
|A. Longitudinal waves|
B. Shear waves|
C. Transverse waves|
D. Surface waves
- \d
- ^A. No. Longitudinal waves travel through water.
- ^B. No. Shear waves travel through metal even though it is
- immersed.
- ^C. No. Transverse waves travel through metal even though it is
- immersed.
- ^D. You are correct.
-
@ The motion of particles in a shear wave is:
|A. Parallel to the direction of propagation of the ultrasonicbeam.|
B. Transverse to the direction of beam propagation.|
C. Limited to the material surface and elliptical in motion.|
D. Polarized in a plane at 45 degrees to the direction of beampropagation.
- \b
- ^A. No, this defines the longitudinal waves.
- ^B. You are correct.
- ^C. No, this defines the surface waves.
- ^D. Sorry! Please try again.
-
@ In contact testing, shear waves can be induced in the test material by:
A. Placing a X-cut crystal directly on the surface of thematerials and coupling through a film of oil.|
B. Using two transducers on opposite sides of the test specimen.|
C. Placing a spherical acoustic lens on the face of thetransducer|
D. Using a transducer mounted on a plastic wedge so that sound
- \d
- |enters the part at an angle.
- ^A. No, this will generate longitudinal waves.
- ^B. No. This is through transmission testing.
- ^C. No, this will simply focus sound beam.
- ^D. You are correct.
-
@ As frequency increases in ultrasonic testing, the angle of crystal:
A. Decreases.|
B. Remains unchanged.|
C. Increases.|
D. Varies uniformly through each wavelength.
- beam divergence of a given diameter \a
- |^A. You are correct.
- ^B. Sorry! Beam divergence is a function of wave length divided
- by transducer diameter.
- ^C. Sorry! Beam divergence is a function of wave length divided
- by transducer diameter.
- ^D. Sorry! Beam divergence is a function of wave length divided
- by transducer diameter.
-
@ Which of the following is not an advantage of contact ultrasonic search units(probes) adapted with lucite shoes?
|A. Eliminates most of the crystal wear.|
B. Permits adaptation to curved surfaces.|
C. Decreases sensitivity.|
D. Allows ultrasound to enter a part's
- \c
- surface at oblique angles.
- ^A. No, this is an advantage.
- ^B. No, this is an advantage.
- ^C. You are correct.
- ^D. No, this is an advantage.
-
@ In which medium listed below would the velocity of sound be lowest?
|A. Air|
B. Water|
C. Aluminum|
D. Stainless steel
- \a
- ^A. You are correct.
- ^B. Sorry! Velocity is a function of modulus and density. Liquids
- generally have higher velocity than gases.
- ^C. Sorry! Velocity is a function of modulus and density.
- Solids, generally have higher velocity than liquids and gases.
- ^D. Sorry! Velocity is a function of modulus and density.
- Solids, generally have higher velocity than liquids and gases.
-
@ A longitudinal ultrasonic wave is transmitted from water into steel at an angle of 5 degrees from the normal. In such a case therefracted angle of the transverse wave is:
|A. Less than the refracted angle of the longitudinal wave.|
B. Equal to the refracted angle of the longitudinal wave.|
C. Greater than the refracted angle of the longitudinal wave.|
D. Not present at all.
- \a
- ^A. You are right on target.
- ^B. No, apply Snell's law.
- ^C. No, think about Snell's law.
- ^D. No, you are incorrect.
-
@ The velocity of longitudinal waves will be highest in:
- \c
|
| A. Water | | B. Air | | C. Aluminum | | D. Stainless steel |
- ^A. Incorrect, generally have a higher velocity than the liquids.
- ^B. Incorrect, air has the lowest velocity.
- ^C. You got it.
- ^D. You are close but not quite right.
-
@ The acoustic impedance is:
A. Used to calculate the angle of reflection|
B. The product of the density of the material and thevelocity of sound in the material.|
C. Found by Snell's law|
D. Used to determine resonance values^
- \ b|
- A. Sorry! Acoustic impedance is used for calculatingtransmission and reflection of ultrasound.^
- B. You are right on target.^
- C. Sorry! Acoustic impedance is used for calculatingtransmission and reflection of ultrasound.^
- D. Sorry! Acoustic impedance is used for calculatingtransmission and reflection of ultrasound.
-
@ In steel, the velocity of sound is greatest in which of the following modes of vibration?
A. Longitudinal|
B. Shear|
C. Surface waves.|
D. Sound velocity is identical in all modes, in a givenmaterial.
- \ a
- | ^ A. You are right on target.
- ^ B. No, shear waves travel half as fast as longitudinal waves.
- ^ C. No, surface waves are slower than shear waves.
- ^ D. Sorry! Velocities are significantly different for
- different wave modes.
-
@ Thin sheet may be inspected with the ultrasonic wave directed normal to the surface by observing:
| A. The amplitude of the front surface reflection.|
B. The multiple reflection pattern.|
C. All front surface reflections|
D. None of the above.
- \ b
- ^ A. No, front surface signal will have a considerable dead
- zone.
- ^ B. Outstanding
- ^ C. Sorry! Try again.
- ^ D. No, there is a correct answer.
-
@ A diagram in which the entire circuit stage or sections are shown by geometric figures and the path of the signal or energy bylines and/or arrows is called a:
| A. Schematic diagram|
B. Blueprint|
C. Block diagram|
D. None of the above
- \ c
- ^ A. No, schematic diagrams show electrical circuits.
- ^ B. Sorry! But you are real close. Try again.
- ^ C. You've got it.
- ^ D. No, there is a correct answer.
-
@ Of the piezoelectric materials listed below, the mostefficient sound transmitter is:
A. Lithium sulfate|
B. Quartz|
C. Barium titanate|
D. Silver oxide^
- \ c|
- A. No, this is the best receiver.^
- B. Sorry! Try again.^
- C. You got it.^
- D. Incorrect, silver oxide is not a piezoelectric material.
-
^ A. Yes, but you are only partially correct.
- ^ B. Yes, but you are only partially correct.
- ^ C. Yes, but you are only partially correct.
- ^ D. You got it
-
@ Of thepiezoelectric materials listed below, the most efficient sound receiver is:
| A. Lithium sulfate|
B. Quartz|
C. Barium titanate|
D. Silver oxide.
- \ a
- ^ A. You are correct.
- ^ B. Sorry! Please try again.
- ^ C. No, this is the best transmitter.
- ^ D. Incorrect, silver oxide is not a piezoelectric material.
-
@ The wavelength of an ultrasonic wave is: A. directly proportional to velocity and frequency.|
B. directly proportional to velocity and inverselyproportional to frequency.|
C. inversely proportional to velocity and directlyproportional to frequency.| D. equal to the product of the velocity and frequency.
- \ b|
- .^ A. Incorrect since velocity=frequency x wavelength.^
- B. You got it.^
- C. No, apply the formula velocity=frequency x wavelength again.^
- D. No, apply the formula velocity=frequency x wavelength
-
@ Beam divergence is a function of the dimensions of the crystaland the wavelength of the beam transmitted through a medium, and it:A. increases if the frequency or crystal diameter isdecreased.|
B. decreases if the frequency or crystal diameter isdecreased.|
C. increases if the frequency is increased and crystaldiameter decreased.|
D. decreases if the frequency is increased and crystaldiameter is decreased
- \ a|
- .^ A. You got it.^
- B. Sorry! Alpha is a function of velocity/(diameter*frequency).^
- C. Sorry! Alpha is a function of velocity/(diameter*frequency).^
- D. Sorry! Alpha is a function of velocity/(diameter*frequency).
-
@ The most commonly used method of producing shear waves in a test part when inspecting by the immersion method is:
A. By transmitting longitudinal waves into a part in adirection perpendicular to its front surface.|
B. By using two crystals vibrating at different frequencies.|
C. By using a Y-cut quartz crystal.|
D. By angulating the search tube to the proper angle.
- \ d
- |^ A. No, the transducer is positioned at an angle.
- ^ B. Sorry, you are wrong.
- ^ C. Sorry! This is one way, but not the most common way.
- ^ D. You are correct.
-
@ In general, which waves will travel around gradual curves withlittle or no reflection from the curve?
| A. Transverse waves.|
B. Surface waves.|
C. Shear waves.|
D. Longitudinal waves.
- \ b
- ^ A. No, transverse waves are reflected from curved surface.
- ^ B. Excellent
- ^ C. No, shear waves are reflected from curved surface.
- ^ D. No, longitudinal waves are reflected from curved surfaces.
-
@ When using two separate search units (one a transmitter, theother a receiver), the most efficient combination would be:
A. A quartz transmitter and a barium titanate receiver.|
B. A barium titanate transmitter and a lithium sulfatereceiver.|
C. A lithium sulfate transmitter and a barium titanatereceiver.|
D. A barium titanate transmitter and a quartz receiver
- \ b|
- .^ A. No, quartz is not a very good transmitter or receiver.^
- B. You are correct.^
- C. Sorry! Lithium sulfate is a good receiver.^
- D. No, quartz is not a very good transmitter or receiver.
-
@ To evaluate and accurately locate discontinuities afters canning a part with a paintbrush transducer, it is generallynecessary to use a:
A. Search unit with a smaller crystal.| B. Scrubber.|
C. Grid map.|
D. Crystal collimator
- \ a
- |.
- ^ A. You are correct.
- ^ B. Sorry! This choice is irrelevant.
- ^ C. Sorry! This choice is irrelevant.
- ^ D. Sorry! This choice is irrelevant.
- @ As the impedance ratio of two dissimilar materials increases,
- the percentage of sound coupled through an interface of such materials:
- \ a
|
| A. Decreases. | | B. Increases. | | C. Is not changed. | | D. May increase or decrease. |
- ^ A. Super
- ^ B. No. Apply the formula for reflection and transmission
- factors.
- ^ C. No, higher the impedance mismatch, the more difficult the
- transmission.
- ^ D. No, higher the impedance mismatch, the more difficult the
- transmission.
- @ Low frequency sound waves are not generally used to test thin
- materials because of:
- \ c
|
| A. The rapid attenuation of low frequency sound. | | B. Incompatible wavelengths. | | C. Poor near-surface resolution. | | D. None of the above will actually limit such a test. |
- ^ A. Incorrect. What happens to the resolution
- ^ B. Incorrect. What happens to the resolution
- ^ C. You are correct.
- ^ D. Incorrect. What happens to the resolution
-
| B. A collimator.
- | C. An angle plane angulator.
- | D. A jet-stream unit.
- ^ A. Sorry! This answer is incorrect.
- ^ B. You are correct.
- ^ C. Sorry! This answer is incorrect.
- ^ D. Sorry! This answer is incorrect.
- @ The maximum scanning speed possible is primarily determined
- by:
- \ c
- | A. The frequency of the searchunit.
- | B. Viscous drag problems.
- | C. The pulse repetition rate of the test instrument.
- | D. The persistency of the CRT screen.
- ^ A. No, there is not relation between frequency and scanning
- speed.
- ^ B. Sorry! This answer is incorrect.
- ^ C. You are correct.
- ^ D. Sorry! This answer is incorrect.
- @ Surface waves are reduced to an energy level of approximately
- 1/25 of the original power at a depth of:
- \ c
-
^ A. Sorry! Surface waves penetrate as much as one wavelength
- below the surface.
- ^ B. No, surface waves do not penetrate much below one
- wavelength.
- ^ C. Outstanding
- ^ D. No, surface waves do not penetrate much below one
- wavelength.
- @ The ultrasonic test method in which finger damping is most
- effective in locating a discontinuity is:
- \ c
- | A. Shear wave
- | B. Longitudinal wave
- | C. Surface wave
- | D. Compressional wave
- ^ A. No, all wave modes can be damped with finger. The key
- words are "most effective."
- ^ B. No, all wave modes can be damped with finger. The key
- words are "most effective."
- ^ C. Absolutely correct.
- ^ D. No, all wave modes can be damped with finger. The key
- words are "most effective."
- @ Lamb waves can be used to detect:
- \ a
- | A. Laminar-type defects near the surface of a thin material
- | B. Lack of fusion in the center of a thick weldment
- | C. Internal voids in diffusion bonds
- | D. Thickness changes in heavy plate material
- ^ A. You've got it.
- ^ B. No, lamb waves cannot be generated in thick materials.
- ^ C. No, lamb waves cannot be generated in thick materials.
- ^ D. No, lamb waves cannot be generated in thick materials.
-
\ c
|
| A. Defect detection. | | B. Sound wave characterization. | | C. Thickness measurement of flaw detection in thin materials. | | D. Attenuation measurements. |
- ^ A. Incorrect. Delay-tip normally used to avoid dead zone.
- ^ B. Incorrect. Delay-tip normally used to avoid dead zone.
- ^ C. Excellent
- ^ D. Incorrect. Delay-tip normally used to avoid dead zone.
-
@ Acoustical lenses are commonly used for contour correction.
- When scanning the inside of a pipe section by the immersion method,
- which of the following lens types would be used?
- \ b
|
| A. Focused cup | | B. Convex | | C. Concave | | D. Variable pitch |
- ^ A. No, pipe curvature provides focussing in one plane.
- ^ B. Super! You are correct.
- ^ C. Sorry! Please try again.
- ^ D. Sorry! Please try again.
- @ When the incident angle is chosen to be between the first and
- second critical angles, the ultrasonic wave generated within the
- part will be:
- \ b
|
| A. Longitudinal | | B. Shear | | C. Surface | | D. Lamb |
- ^ A. No, longitudinal wave does not exist beyond first critical
- angle.
- ^ B. You are correct.
- ^ C. No, surface wave is generated after second critical angle.
- ^ D. No, lamb wave is generated after second critical angle.
-
@ The attenuation of energy within a material in the far field of the ultrasonic beam may be expressed as the:
-
| A. Arithmetic mean
|
| B. Geometrical average | | C. Exponential average | | D. Exponential decay |
- ^ A. Wrong. It decreases rapidly.
- ^ B. Wrong. It decreases rapidly.
- ^ C. Wrong. It decreases rapidly.
- ^ D. You are correct.
-
| D. None of the above
- ^ A. You've got it.
- ^ B. No. Duration and amplitude are the two dimensions of an
- ultrasonic signal.
- ^ C. Sorry! Please try again.
- ^ D. Sorry! Your choice is incorrect.
-
@ For aluminum and steel the longitudinal velocity is approximately_________ the shear velocity:
A. Equal to|
B. Twice|
C. One-half of|
D. Four times^
- B
- A. Incorrect, shear wave velocity is much smaller thanlongitudinal wave velocity.^
- B. You are absolutely correct.^
- C. Incorrect, shear wave travel slower than longitudinalwaves.^
- D. Incorrect. You are close.
-
@ The coated inside surface of the large end of a cathode raytube which becomes luminous when struck by an electron beam is called:
A. An electron gun|
B. An electron amplifier|
C. A CRT screen|
D. An electron counter^
\ c|
- A. No, the key word is "screen."^
- B. No, the key word is "screen."^
- C. You are correct.^
- D. No, the key word is "screen."
-
@ The phenomenon by which a wave strikes a boundary and changesthe direction of its propagation within the same medium is referredto as:
A. Divergence|
B. Impedance|
C. Angulation|
D. Reflection^
- \ d|
- A. No, divergence is a function of wavelength/transducerdiameter^
- B. No, impedance=velocity*density^
- C. Sorry! Please try again.^
- D. You've got it.
-
@ The change in direction of an ultrasonic beam when it passesfrom one medium to another whose velocity differs from that ofthe first medium is called:
A. Refraction|
B. Rarefaction|
C. Angulation|
D. Reflection^
- \ a|
- A. You've got it.^
- B. No, rarefaction is associated with the way longitudinalwave propagates.^
- C. Sorry! This answer is incorrect.^
- D. No, reflection occurs within the same medium.
-
@ Water travel distance for immersion inspections should be:\ a|
A. Such that the second front reflection does not appearbetween the first front and back reflections.| B. Exactly 3 inches.| C. Less than 3 inches.| D. Always equal to the thickness of the material beinginspected.^ A. You are correct.^ B. No. It depends on material thickness and velocity.^ C. No. It depends on material thickness and velocity.^ D. No, this can cause a confusing screen or presentation.
|
|