Chapter 7

Taking Cells Apart

Disruption of cells using a centrifuge

Larger, heavier structures that become packed at the bottom of a test tube during homogenization

lighter cell parts, susupended in liquid above pellets during homogenization

membrane bound organelles

contains genes

seperates nucleus from cytoplasm, double membrane with pores

protein structure that lines pores

protein filament net that maintains nucleus shape

Stringy DNA, uncondensed

Condensed/coiled chromatin

Intermediate step between chromatin and chromosomes

proteins/nucleic acids inside cell, ribosomal RNA synthesized/assembled

made of ribosomal RNA and proteins, carry out protein synthesis

Extensive membrane labyrinth

• surface lacks ribosomes, farthest from nucleus
• - Lipid synthesis (steroids)
• - Carbohydrate Metabolism
• - Detoxification
• - Calcium Ion Pumping - muscle contraction

• synthesizes secretory proteins
• makes membrane

sacs of membrane

• modifies, packages, transports proteins
• - Cis Face - receiving end, near Endoplasmic Reticulum
• - Trans Face - shipping end

stacks of flat sacs that make up the golgi apparatus

membrane bound sac of hydrolytic enzymes with pH of about 5

cellular eating

lysosome digests part of a cell

signaled cellular death by lysosome eruption

sacs containing food

freshwater protists - pump excess water out of cell

plant cells, maintians rigidity

membrane enclosing central vacuole

cellular respiration, makes ATP

Folds in inner membrane of mitochondria

inner part of mitochondria

lysosomes, centrioles, flagella

plasmodesmata, chloroplast, cell wall, central vacuole

makes energy, sugar through photosynthesis

fluid filled inner space of chloroplast

pancakes in chloroplast

stacks of thylakoids in chloroplast

enzyme detosifies by transfering hydrogen to oxygen

microtubules, microfiliments, intermediate filaments

form fibers to pull centrioles apart

pair of centrisome

hold chromatin together

fibers in intestine, absorb nutrients

protein (muscle)

cellular movement by extensions/contractions

chloroplast movement to maximize light intake

sticks cellular walls together between cells

• outside of cell
• - Collagen
• - Proteoglycans

gaps in plant cells, passageways

membranes fused together

anchoring junctions, rivets

cytoplasmic channels between adjacent cells

outer lining