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a & p chpt 9
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CNS
the brain and spinal cord
PNS
made up of all the nerves outside of the CNS
effector
any tissue or organ that carries out a nervous command (muscles and glands)
somatic nervous system
nervous system that is voluntarily controlled, (by conscious will) -- its effectors are the skeletal muscles
autonomic nervous sytem
the involuntary system that controls smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
myelin
fatty material that covers some axons and insulates and protects them
nodes of Ranvier
spaces in between the schwann cells
afferent nuerons
nuerons that conduct impulses to the spinal cord and brain
efferent nuerons
carry messages away from the CNS
internuerons
relay information within the CNS
nerve
a fiber bundle in the PNS
tract
a fiber bundle in the CNS
fascicles
groupings of individual fibers
endoneurium
layer around an individual fiber
perineurium
layer around a fascicle
epineurium
layer around the whole nerve
neuroglia
cells that support and protect the neurons
protect and nourish nervous tissue
support nervous tissue and bind it to other structures
aid in repair of cells
act as phagocytes
regulate the composition of fluids around and between cells
synapse
the point of junction for transmitting the nerve impulse
neurotransmitters
chemicals used to trigger an acton potentialacross a synaptic cleft
slower than electrical transmission
ascending tracts
sensory impulses that enter the spinal cord and are transmitted toward the brain
descending tracts
motor impulses traveleing from the brain and to the peripheral system
reflex arc
a complete pathway thru the nervous sytem from stimulus to response
simple reflex
a rapid and uncomplicated and automatic response involving very few nuerons
spinal reflex
a simple reflex that passes thru the spinal cord alone and does not involve the brain
multple sclerosis
a disease in which the myelin sheath around axons is damaged and the nueron fibers themselves degenerate
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
a nervous system disorder in which motor neurons are destroyed
poliomyelitis
a viral disease that multplies in the spinal cord's motor neurons, leading to paralysis
dorsal root
afferent (sensory) neurons
ventral root
efferent (motor) neurons
plexus
the larger anterior branches of spinal nerves that interlace to form networks
name the three main plexuses
cervical plexus
brachial plexus
lumbarsacral plexus
dermatomes
allow us to map the skin of the human body using the spinal nerves
functions of the Autonomic nervous system
increase in heart rate and force of heart contractions
increase in blood pressure
dilation of blood vessels to skeletal muscles
dilation of bronchial tubes
stimulation of the central part of the adrenal gland
increase in basal metabolic rate
dilation of pupil and decrease in focusing ability for near objects
Author
rwhitley59
ID
39755
Card Set
a & p chpt 9
Description
vocabulary
Updated
2010-10-05T04:16:36Z
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