WVU Psychology 101 test 3

A relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience

A type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to elicit a responce after being paired with a stimulus that naturally brings about that response

A stimulus that before conditioning, does not naturally bring about the response of interest

A stimulus that naturally brings about a particuluar response with out having being learned

A response that is natural and needs no training

A once neutral stimullus that has been paired with an unconditional stimulus to bring about a response formerly cause only by the unconditioned stimulus

Reinforcement is given only after a specific number of responses are made

Reinforcement only a fixed time period

Reinforcement occurs after a varifying number of responses rather than being fixed

When a stimulus procedes a response that is reinforced the stimulus starts to control that response

Discriminative stimulus > response > reinforces

An approach to the study of learning that focuses on the thought processes that underlie learning. Argues that in between stimulus and response there is the organism's view of the world

Learning in which a new behavior is acquired but in not demonstrated until some incentive is provided for displaying it; occurs "without" reinforcement

Characteristic ways of approaching learning, based on a person's cultural background and unique pattern of abilities

The process by which we encode, store, and retrieve information

maintaining information over time

recovery of stored information, remembering

the initial, momentary storage of information, lasting only an instant

memory that holds information for 15 to 25 seconds

memory that stores information on a relatively permanent basis, although it may be difficult to retrieve

reflects information from the visual system

stores auditory information coming from the ears

Limited capacity- 7 plus or minus 2 items

A meaningful grouping of stimuli that can be stored as a unit in short term memory

Repeating information

Occurs when the information is considered and organized in same fashion

stratigies that we can use to vastly improve our retention; formal techniques for organizing information in a way that makes it more likely to be remembered

involved in reasoning and decision making

specializes in visual and spaticle information

holds and manipulates material related to speech, words, and numbers

contains information that represents information or events

memory for factual information: names, faces, dates

memory for general knowledge and facts about the world, as well as memory for the rules of logic that are used to deduce other facts

memory for events that occur in a particular place, time , or context

memory for the skills and habbits, such as riding a bike or hitting a baseball, sometimes referred to as nondeclarative memory

consolidate new memories

emotions are stored with memories

Neural pathways become activated when a new response is repeated (or being learned)
Increased firing in a set of neurons

memories become fixed and stable in long term memory

Specific bits of information must be retrieved

specific, important, or shocking event, so vivid they seem to represent a virtual snapshot of the event

processes in which memories are influenced by the meaning one gives to events

Information stored in memory that bias the way new information is interpreted, stored, and recalled-expectations and pregudices

recollections of events that are initially so shocking that the mind responds by pushing them into the unconscious

recollections of circumstances and episdoes from our own lives; tend to forget information about our past that is incompatible with the way in which we currently see ourselves

memories may be inaccurate or even wholly false

the loss of information in memory through its nonuse

the phenomenon by which information in memory disrupts the recall of other information

forgetting that occurs when there are insufficient retrieval cues to rekindle information that is in memory

interference in which information learned earlier disrupts the recall of newer material

interference in which there is difficulty in the recall of information learned earlier because of later exposure to different exposure

an illness characterized in part and by severe memory problems and eventually physical deteriation

A disease that afflicts long term alcoholics, leaving some abilities inact but including halluchinations and a tendency to repeat the same story

Amnesia in which memory is lost for occurrences prior to a certain entent

memory is lost for events that follow an injury