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Bureaucracy definition
A large, hierarchically structured organization that preforms specific functions to implement polity
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What bureaucracy does
It focuses on translating political decision into authoritative actions through predictable, rule-bases process
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How and why American bureaucracy has grown over the years
- Size of gov grown, more entitlement programs (medicare and Medicaid) --Baby boomers are now at their age where they need these programs. Civil service program
- Expansion of third party (must some some sort of bureaucracy to accommodate).
- Civil war , = growth in gov
- New Deal, and WWII = expansion bureaucracy
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Webers 3 types of authority
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1. Traditional: Patriarchalism, monarchy
- 2. Charismatic: Religious leaders, dictators
- 3. Rational-legal: Administrative staff
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Policy implementation
- 1. making rules
- 2. putting rules in action
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1. Fed. Registered Act (1935) - formal publishing
2. Administrative Procedure Act 1946 - Allows others to participate in drafting law
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Electronic rule-making
public participates more via internet
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Enforcement functions and tools: Tools-->
contracts, info service, loans (cash for clunkers)
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Ensuring public comply with policy by...
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-Adjudicating specific cases
- -Enforcing laws
- -Running programs
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Ways that organizational structure can influence bureaucratic behavior:
- Asks questions like...
- -whos going to do what?
- -who makes decisions, who has authority?
- -How the groups relate to each other?-- sharing resources, info flow
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Types of Organization
- Functional
- Divisional
- Matrix
- Horizontal
- Modular
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Functional
Focus on type of work/skill; vertical
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Divisional
Focus on product/customer; fairly decentralized (but often vertical within divison)
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Matrix
Mixture of functional, divisional; joint control
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Horizontal
Focus on processes; highly decentralized
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Modular
Focus on outsourcing; highly decentralized
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Goal vs Task
- Goal: future end-state being sought
- Task: specific action taken in pursuit of the goal
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Gov. goals often too vague to define tasks bc-->
real-life trail and error help shape instead
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Situational Imperative
An ‘overriding concern’ with which an operator has to cope in doing tasks
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Peer Expectation
Rational self-interest
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Types of Beliefs
- Attitude
- Experiences
- Professional norms
- Political ideology
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Capture
An agency whose actions are substantially influenced by outside interest groups
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Most vulnerable to capture when.
agencies with strong interest group backing (client agencies)
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Organizational Culture
describe the psychology, attitudes, experiences and beliefs and values (personal and cultural) of the organization-- what shall we do? what shall we be?
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Sense of Mission
- when employees, managers (really), support a particular culture
- -Managers often try to create a sense of mission but if they don't, employees control
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