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AIDS
AIDS is a disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which is transmitted through sexual contact, exposure to infected blood or blood components, perinatally from mother to infant.
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agglutination (agglutinat - clumping; -ion process)
process of clumping together, as of blood cells that are incompatible
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albumin
one of a group of simple proteins found in blood plasma and serum
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allergy (all - other; -ergy work)
individual hypersensitivity to a substance that is usually harmless.
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anaphylaxis (ana- up; -phylaxis protection)
unusual or exaggerated allergic reaction to foreign proteins or other substances.
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anemia (an- lack of; -emia blood condition)
literally a lack of red blood cells, it is a reduction in the number of circulating red blood cells, the amount of the hemoglobin, or the volume of packed red cells.
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anisocytosis (anis/o - unequal; cyt - cell; -osis condition usually abnormal)
condition in which the erythrocytes are unequal in size and shape
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antibody (anti- against; -body body)
protein substance produced in the body in response to an invading foreign substance (antigen)
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anticoagulant (anti- against; coagul - clots; -ant forming)
agent that works against the formation of blood clots
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antigen (anti- against; -gen formation, produce)
invading foreign substance that induces the formation of antibodies.
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autoimmune disease
condition in which the body's immune system becomes defective and produces antibodies against itself.
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coagulable (coagul - to clot; -able capable)
capable of forming a clot
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embolus
blood clot carried in the bloodstream.
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erthroblast (erythr/o - red; -blast immature cell, germ cell)
immature red blood cell
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erythrocyte (erythr/o - red; -cyte cell)
red blood cell
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extravasation (extra- beyond; vas(at) - vessel; -ion process)
process by which fluids and/or medications (IVs) escape into surrounding tissue.
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globulin (globul - globe; -in chemical)
plasma protein found in body fluids and cells
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hematocrit (hemat/o - blood; -crit to separate) (Hct, HCT)
blood test that separates solids from plasma in the blood by centrifuging the blood sample
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hematologist (hemat/o - blood; log - study of; -ist one who specializes)
physician who specializes in the study of the blood
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hematoma (hemat - blood; -oma mass, fluid collection)
collection of blood that has escaped from a vessel into the surrounding tissues
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hemochromatosis (hem/o - blood; chromat - color; -osis condition usually abnormal)
genetic disease condition in which iron is not metabolized properly and accumulates in body tissues.
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hemoglobin (hem/o - blood; -globin globe, protein) (Hb, Hgb, HGB)
blood protein; the iron-containing pigment of red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues
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hemolysis (hem/o - blood; -lysis destruction)
destruction of red blood cells
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hemophilia (hem/o - blood; -philia attraction)
hereditary blood disease characterized by prolonged coagulation and tendency to bleed
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hemorrhage (hem/o - blood; -rrhage bursting forth)
excessive bleeding; bursting forth of blood
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hemostasis (hem/o - blood; -stasis control, stop, stand still)
control or stopping of bleeding
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heparin
substance found in the liver, lungs, and other body tissues that inhibits blood clotting (anticoagulant).
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hypoglycemia (hypo- deficient; glyc - sweet, sugar; -emia blood condition)
condition of deficient amounts of sugar in the blood
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hypoxia (hyp- deficient; -oxia oxygen)
deficient amount of oxygen in the blood, cells, and tissues;
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Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)
malignant neoplasm that causes violaceous (violet-colored) vascular lesions and general lymphadenopathy (diseased lymph nodes)
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leukapheresis (leuk/a - white; -pheresis removal)
separation of white blood cells from the blood, which are then transfused back into the patient
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leukemia (leuk - white; -emia blood condition)
disease of the blood characterized by overproduction of leukocytes
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leukocyte (leuk/o - white; -cyte cell)
white blood cell
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lymph
clear, colorless, alkaline fluid found in the lymphatic vessels
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lymphedema (lymph - lymph; -edema swelling)
abnormal accumulation of lymph in the interstitial spaces
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opportunistic infection
protozoal (PCP or toxoplasmosis), fungal/yeast (candidiasis), viral (herpes simplex), or bacterial (TB) infection that occurs when the immune system is compromised.
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phagocytosis (phag/o - eat, engulf; cyt - cell; -osis condition usually abnormal)
engulfing and eating of particulate substances such as bacteria, protozoa, cells and cell debris, dust particles, and colloids by phagocytes (leukocytes or macrophages)
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plasma
fluid part of the blood
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plasmapheresis (plasma - a thing formed, plasma; -pheresis removal)
removal of blood from the body and centrifuging it to separate the plasma from the blood and reinfusing the cellular elements back into the patient
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polycythemia (poly- many; cyt - cell; hem - blood; -ia condition)
condition of too many red blood cells
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septicemia (septic - putrefying; -emia blood conditon)
condition in which pathogenic bacteria are present in the blood
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seroculture (ser/o - whey, serum; -culture cultivation)
bacterial culture of blood serum
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serum (ser(a) - whey, serum; -um tissue)
clear, yellowish fluid that separates from the clot when blood clots
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sideropenia (sider/o - iron; -penia lack of)
lack of iron in the blood
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stem cell
cell in the bone marrow that gives rise to various types of blood cells
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thrombin (thromb - clot; -in chemical)
blood enzyme that causes clotting by forming fibrin
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thrombocyte (thromb/o - clot; -cyte cell)
clotting cell; a blood platelet
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transfusion (trans- across; fus - to pour; -ion process)
process by which blood is transferred from one individual to the vein of another
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vasculitis (vascul - small vessel; -itis inflammation)
inflammation of a lymph or blood vessel
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AIDS
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
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CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
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ELISA
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
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HDN
hemolytic disease of the newborn
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HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
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NK
natural killer (cells)
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RBC
red blood cell (count)
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WBC
white blood cell (count)
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