The flashcards below were created by user
corbin19
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
-
Compatibility testing consists of a variety of tests performed before transfusion to ensure safety of who?
Recipient
-
________ lacks fibrin clots which can cause false agglutination
plasma
-
_________ may inactivate complement, some antibodies may not be detected.
plasma
-
samples for crossmatch should not be more than ____ hours old.
72 hrs
-
________ specimens can mast true hemolysis of antigen-anitbody complexes, reject and redraw.
hemolyzed
-
for Crossmatch, patient and donor RBCs should be saline washed how many times?
once
-
for what patients should you use serum/plasma of mother and infant for initial testing?
<4 months old
-
Why do you use serum from mother for patients <4 months old?
blood must be compatible with maternal antibodies that may have crossed placenta
-
What is the form number for the Blood request form?
SF 518
-
What is the secion of the SF 518 that contains the blood component requested, physician's name, and diagnosis or operative procedure and date and time of drawing?
section 1
-
in what block of the SF 518 does the person drawing blood sign?
section 1
-
what three persons can sign the SF 518?
-
Information on specimen and SF 518 must __________.
agree exactly
-
what should be done if information on specimen and SF 518 does not agree?
redraw patient
-
these may be undetectable now due to decreasing titer or dosage?
previous identified antibody
-
this should be checked to confirm previous serological history.
transfusion record review
-
This test uses group O human RBC to detect unexpected (alloantibodies) NON-ABO antibodes in patient serum.
Antibody screen (IAT)
-
if antibody is identified what should be done to verify corresponding antigen?
phenotype patient
-
_________ negative donor units should only be used.
antigen
-
Crossmatch uses recipient ________ and donor ______.
-
Do not used donor units if partially ________, color is _______ or ________ or if plasma shows _________.
- clotted
- purplish
- brownish
- hemolysis
-
inadequate sealing or closure of tubings or inadequate cleaning of venipuncture site can cause what?
contamination
-
what is the common unsuspected bacteria seen in donor units?
yersinia enterocolitica
-
units appearing contaminated must be __________ and __________.
-
true or false
matching of donor and recipient with respect to other blood group antigens is NOT necessary unless the recipient has additional serum antibodes.
true
-
Donor units MUST lack _______ corresponding to recipient Ab.
antigen
-
Fresh Frozen Plasma should be compatible with patient's _____.
RBCs
-
for what type of patients are there NO acceptable FFP alternatives?
neonates
-
who is the universal donor for fressh frozen plasma?
AB
-
who is the universal recipient for FFP?
O
-
for what blood products are all ABO groups acceptable?
- Platelet concentrate
- Single donor cryoprecipitate
-
_________ donor units are to be used when patients own blood type not available.
alternate
-
for what blood product is there no alternative?
whole blood
-
the major factor in determining alternate ABO group is what?
recipient's ABO antibodies
-
What are four indications for transfusion of Non-Group-Specific blood products?
- Massive bleeding
- trauma
- DIC
- blood group shortage
-
What are alternate Rh choices for Rh positive patient?
-
When can Rh negative patients receive Rh positive units not producing anti-D?
Emergency
-
What are the two patients who can be converted to Rh positive?
- male patients
- women beyond child bearing age
-
Switching ABO groups is a ___________ problem.
temporary
-
true or false
it is better to give Rh negative patients an Rh negative alternate compatible blood group becuase switching ABO groups is a temporary problem.
true
-
Production of Anti-D due to giving Rh positive is a _________ problem.
permanent
-
what percent of D-negative persons who receive a D-positive transfusion are expected to develop anti-D.
more than 80%
-
This test detects the presence of clinically significant unexpected Abs.
Antibody Screen in Compatibility Testing
-
what phase of crossmatch may be omitted if there is a negative Ab screen and no prior record of Abs.
AHG
-
true or false
Crossmatch can detect all clinically significant Abs.
false
-
what is the last blood bank test done prior to patient receiving transfusion?
Crossmatch
-
This detects recipient antibodies that will react with donor RBC antigens.
Crossmatch
-
Crossmatch will detect _____ ABO grouping errors.
some
-
Crossmatch will detect Rh D typing errors if what?
patient's serum contains Anti-D
-
What are two situations where crossmatch will not detect all atypical antibodies in recipient's serum?
- antibody titer too low
- donor cells may not contain corresponding antigen
-
True or false
crossmatch will not prevent recipient from forming antibodies?
true
-
Crossmatch must be capable of detecting what three types of antibodies?
- hemolyzing
- agglutinating
- coating
-
Computer crossmatch standards are set by who?
AABB
-
for computer corssmatch patient must have hhow many concordant ABO/Rh types?
two
-
true or false
to perform a computer crossmatch, current antibody screen must be nonreactive and no history of antibodies.
true
-
what are the two poteniating media used for crossmatch.
-
What is the ratio for recipient serum and Donor RBC suspension for crossmatch.
2:1
-
What phase of crossmatch will detect IgG antibodies and some Rh system antibodies?
37oC/ albumin or LISS phase
-
how many drops of potentiator should be added to recipient serum and donor RBC suspension for crossmatch?
two
-
check cells must have what result?
positive
-
Patients with _________ antibodies may show positive reactions in all phases and temps.
multiple
-
if there is a positve result in crossmatch what should be done?
identify antibodies and crossmatch units lacking the antigen
-
What are the three cold autoantibodies?
- Anti-I (most common)
- Anti-H
- Anti-IH
-
what is the most common cold autoantibody?
Anti-I
-
Cold autoantibody problem Must be solved, why?
may be masking presence of other alloantibodies
-
this technique is used to eliminate the activity of anti-I.
prewarm
-
if patient has not been recently transfused, this technique will remove the Anti-I from the serum.
cold autoadsorption
-
Adsorbed serum should be used for what three tests?
- ABO reverse grouping
- Crossmatching
- antibody studies
-
This protein problem is commonly seen in multiple myeloma patients.
rouleaux
-
Rouleaux is not seen in what phase due to serum being washed away.
AHG
-
how is rouleaux formation resolved?
saline replacement
-
Albumin/LISS is stabilized with what?
Sodium Caprylate Serum
-
This will agglutinate all RBCs suspended in albumin/LISS that has caprylate?
anti-Caprylate
-
how is albumin agglutinating phenomenon resolved in crossmatch?
repeat crossmatch with non caprylate albumin
-
if a patient has warm autoantibodies present what other test will be positive?
DAT (direct coombs)
-
Warm autoantibodies are most often directed against what antigens?
Rh system antigens
-
If there are not units lacking antigen to patient's antibody _________ crossmatch may be needed to determine the least incompatible unit.
titration
-
in titration crossmatch what are the units of preference?
units compatible at lower dilutions
-
Bacterial contamination may causes a false positve because red cells carry this antigen which reacts with human sera?
T antigen
-
Sialic acid removal by enzymes exposes this antigen in vivo or in vitro.
T antigen
-
What are the four bacterial contaminants associated with Z-neuraminidase, which can cause T-polyagglutination?
- Clostridia
- E. coli
- V. cholerae
- Influenza viruses
-
what are two false negative results which are actually misinterpreted positive results?
- hemolysis
- weak agglutination
-
no agglutination/hemolysis in any phase indicates what result in crossmatch?
compatible
-
what three things can cause negative reaction on check cells?
- poor washing
- neutralization
- AHG not added
-
This indicates serological incompatibility between recipient and donor unit.
agglutination/hemolysis in any phase
-
is alternate crossmatching procedure is to be used only in emergency.
random crossmatch
-
What three things should be rechecked for donors and recipients if there is an incompatible crossmatch workup?
-
uncrossmatched blood should be used only in what situations?
emergency
-
what blood type should be used for uncrossmatched blood?
O neg
-
who assumes responsibility for uncrossmatched blood?
physician
-
uncrossmatched blood units must be labeled _________.
"uncrossmatched"
-
true or false
uncrossmatched blood should be crossmatched after the fact
true
-
What section of the SF 518 must be filled out completely with compatibility testing results?
section II
-
What is the expiration time for crossmatch?
72 hours
-
Recipient specimen and dnor sample for crossmatch should be saved for ___ days post transfusion at 1-6oC.
7
|
|