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Order: Ephemepoptera
- Small to med
- reduced mouthparts
- Large compound eye
- small bristlelike antennae
- Large triangular forwing and smaller rounded hindwing
- 2 or 3 long caudal filaments
Family Caeindae found in Hawaii
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 Order
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Dragonflies and damselflies
- Nymphs have rectal gills
- Aquatic larvae
- Two membranous pairs of wings w/ lots of cross veins
- Elongate slender bodies often brightly colored with patterned wings
- Large compound eyes
- Minute antennae
- Megalagrion in Hawaii
- 3 families found in Hawaii
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Suborder
Zygoptera
- More delicate tja drogon flies
- Front and hind wings almost idential
- wings directed dorally and posteriorly
- Family:Coenagrionidae
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Suborder
Anisoptera
- Dragon flies
- Large hind wing broad at base
- Wings horizontal at rest
- Nymphs are aquatic with internal rectal gills
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2 families
1) Family Aeshinidae
- Eyes touching at top of head
- Triangle of the forwing runs along the wing axis
- 2)Family Libellulidae
- Usually brightly colored
- Eyes very close together at top of head but not touching
- Triangle of wing axis points down
- BOOT VIEN
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Order
Plecoptera
- Stoneflies
- Four families only known from the Southern Hemisphere
- Highly endemic
- Dorsoventrally flattened
- 2 pair of membranous wings
- Wings fold at rest
- Three tarsal segments
- Long filiform antennae
- Nymphs aquatic – tracheal gills and two long cerci
- Two tarsal claws
- None in Hawai’i
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Order
Blattodea
- Cockroaches
- Dorsoventrally flattened
- Head hypognathous
- Forewing if present hardened
- 5 seg. tarsi
- Cursorial legs
- Long filiform antennae
- Prothorax with large shield like pronotum
- 3 families to know:
- Blattidae
- Blattellidae
- Blaberidae
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Family
Blattidae
- American Cockroach
- Middle and hind femurs have numerous strong spines
- Male genital plate symmetrical with widely open styli
- 10-13 mm
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Family
Blattellidae
- German Cockroach
- Mostly small species
- numerous similiar spines on femurs
- 3-10 mm
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Family
- Blaberidae
- Mostly large species, variable spines on hind and mid femurs
- male subgenital plate is asymmetrical
- from 10-60mm
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Order
Isoptera
- Termites, white ants
- Soft bodied
- Two pair of membranous wings (reproductives only) that are equal
- Wingless worker caste
- Eusocial
- Moniliform or filiform antennae
- Chewing mouthparts
- Decomposers
- Nest building
- Sharing of gut symbionts
- No native species
- 8 pest species in Hawaii
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Order
Mantodae
- Praying mantis
- Predaceous
- Mandibulate mouthparts
- Raptorial front legs (elongate coxa)
- Elongate prothorax
- 5 seg. Tarsi
- Forewings hardened as tegmina
- Hindwings membranous
- Wings reduced or absent in females
- Eggs laid in an ootheca
- Widely distributed
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Order
Dermaptera
- Earwigs
- Omnivorous primarily decomposers
- Nocturnal
- Elongate
- Winged or wingless
- Forewings at tegmina
- Cerci modified to forceps
- 3 seg. Tarsi
- Maternal care of offspring
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Order
Orthoptera
- Crickets, grasshoppers, katydids
- Mandibulate mouthparts
- Usually two pair of wings but some wingless
- Hindlegs adapted for jumping
- Pronotum with large descending lobes
- Medium to large
- Singing
- Most phytophagous
- Cryptic colouration
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Name 3 families of this Suborder
Suborder: Ensifera
- Family Tettigoniidae
- Family Gryllidae
- Family Gryllotalpidae
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Family
Family Tettigoniidae
- Antennae with 30 segments
- 4 segmented tarsi
- forewings are hardened tegmina
- LargeIsually green but sometimes brown
- Wings present although usually small
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Family
Gryllidae
- Antennae with more than 30 segments
- 3 segmented tarsi
- Most are winged
- flattened dorsoventrally
- High diversity in Hawaii
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Family
Family Gryllotalpidae
- Mole crickets
- Thick bodies somewhat cylindrical
- Large eyes
- front legs broad and spade like
- Short antennae
- Fly
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Name 2 important families of this suborder
suborder: Caelifera
- Family Acrididae
- Family Tetrigidae
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Family
Family Acrididae
- Short horned grasshoppers
- antennea shorter than 30 segments
- all legs have 3 seg. tarsi
- hind tibia has 4 apical spurs
- pronotum not extended over back of abdomen
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Family
Family Tetrigidae
- Pygmy grasshoppers
- small
- usually grey black or mottled
- pronotum extends back to end of abdomen to a point at end
- Tarsi 2:2:3
- Antennae relatively short
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Order
Phasmatodea
- Long slender cylindrical
- Large to very large
- Prognathous head
- Antennae short to long and slender May have more than 100 segments
- Eyes small and antero-lateral
- Ocelli present in some wingless species
- Mandibulate
- Short prothorax
- Elongate mesothorax
- Able to regenerate lost legs!
- Phyllidae -leafy
- Phasmatidae –stick like
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Order
Embioptera
- Web-spinners
- silk glands in foretarsi
- Forebasitarsal seg. elongate
- Live in silk galleries
- Wings elongate, sub equal and membranous
- Apterous females Males winged or apterous
- Mandibulate
- Tarsi 3 segmented
- Cerci 2 segmented
- Oligotomidae
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Order
Psocoptera
- book-lice
- Bulbous protrusion on "face"
- Often very long filiform antennae
- 2 pair of membranous wings
- Small insects
- 2 or 3 tarsal segments
- Hindwings smaller than forewings
- Soft-bodied
- No cerci
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Order
Phthriraptera
- Biting and chewing Lice
- Apterous
- Flattened
- Mandibulate or piercing and sucking mouthparts
- Ectoparasites
- Adaptations of tarsi to clinging to hair or feathers
- Fairly host specific- host helps to identify family
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