-
Acethylocholine
enablles muscle action, learning and memory
-
dopamine
influences movement, learning, attention and emotion
-
serotonin
affects mood, hunger, sleep and arousal
-
norepinephrine
helps control alertness and arousal
-
Drugs
work by altering the activity of neurotransmitters
-
Agonist
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
-
Morphine binds to the same receptor sites as endorphins.
Nicotine mimics acetylcholine and acts as a stimulant
-
antagonist
block neurotransmitters
-
The nervous system is divided into two subdivisions.
- Central Nervous System
- Peripheral Nervous System
-
Central Nervous System
brain & spinal cord
-
Peripheral Nervous System
all nerves & neurons connecting CNS to the rest of the body
-
Somatic Nervous System
(part of PNS)
controls the voluntary movement of muscles. It carries messages from the skin, muscles and joints to the CNS and back
-
Autonomic Nervous System
controls our fight or flight response
-
Sympathetic Division
- mobilizes our bodily resources for emergencies
- arouses
- fight or flight
-
Parasympathetic Division
- calms us down and conserves our bodily resources
- calms
-
Neuroplasticity
brain’s lifelong ability to reorganize & change its structure & function throughout the life span
-
Neurogenesis
process by which new neurons are generated
-
Brain Divied into 3 sections
- 1 Hindbrain
- 2 Midbrain
- 3 Forebrain
-
Hindbrain
medulla pons cerebellum
-
Medulla
life survival functions
-
Pons
respiration, movement, waking, sleeping, & dreaming
-
Cerebellum
coordination of fine muscular movement, balance, & some aspects of perception & cognition
-
Midbrain
collection of brain structures that coordinates movement patterns, sleep, & arousal
-
Reticular Formation
runs through the hindbrain, midbrain, & brainstem; screens incoming information & controls arousal
-
Forebrain
- Limpic System
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus
- Cerebral Cortex
-
Limbic System
interconnected group of forebrain structures involved with emotions, drives, & memory
-
Amygdala
linked to the emotions of fear and anger
-
Hypothalamus
- directs several maintenance activities like eating, drinking, body temperature, and control of emotions
- reward center
-
Cerebral Cortex
regulates most complex behavior, including sensations, motor control, & higher mental processes
-
4 Lobes
- Occipital
- Temporal
- Parietal
- Frontal
-
-
-
Frontal
- Motor Cortex - involuntary movements
- speech production, working memory, reasoning, emotions and personality
-
Parietal
sensory cortex- receives informatin from skin surface and sense organs
-
left hemisphere
- controls right side of body
- reading, writing, speaking, math and comprehension skills
-
right hemisphere
- controls left side of body
- musical abilities, emotions and spatial abilities
-
corpus callosum
connects the two hemispheres together and allows for communication
-
contralateral control
The left side of the body is controlled by the right hemisphere and the right side of the body is controlled by the left hemisphere
-
Endocrine System
- the body’s “slow” chemical
- communication system
-
Hormones
- chemicals synthesized by the endocrine glands that are secreted in the bloodstream
- carry out communication
-
Pituitary Gland
- master gland
- regulates other glands
-
Neuropsychology/ Biological Psychology
is the study of how biological processes relate to behavior and mental processes
-
-
what does a neuron do
sends, receives and integrates information throughout the bodythe basic unit of communicationit is a tiny, information processing system with thousands of connections
-
Glial cells
are the "glue"; that holds neurons in place and supports them 90% of our brain cells are glial cells. They clean up and insulate neurons so we dont scramble our communications.
-
Dendrite
receives all incoming information from other neurons
-
Cell Body/ Soma
the cells life support center contains everything that keeps the cell going.
-
axon
- several feet long
- carries the message
-
myelin sheath
a fatty tissue that helps the message travel thru more quickly
-
terminal buttons
they release neurotransmitters
-
synapes
tiny gap between each neuron
-
how a message travels
dendrite, cell body, axon, (sometimes myelin sheath), terminal buttons, synape, (next neuron) dendrites
-
Resting potential
- when neuron is at rest
- negative charge inside the axon
-
action potential
- when neuron is active
- positive charges rush in
-
properties of action potential
- 1 all or nothing
- 2. all neural impulses are the same size
- 3 self propagating
-
presynaptic neuron
sends the message
-
postsynaptic neuron
receives the message
-
neurotransmitter
chemical that is released from the terminal button of the presynaptic neuron and carries the message thru the synapes to the postsynaptic neuron, binds to receptor sites on the dendrite of teh postsynaptic neuron
-
postsynaptic potential
reaction occuring when the neurotransmitters reach the postsynaptic neuron
-
Excitatory PSP
positive voltage keeps message going
-
In hibitory PSP
negative voltage shift that stops message from continuting
-
after the neurotransmitter causes the postsynaptic potential, it either
- 1. drifts away and is deactivated
- 2. it is reasorbed by the presynaptic neuron in a process called reuptake
-
Absolute Refractory Period
call cant be activated for 1-2 miliseconds after action potentional occured
|
|