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Bottom line in drilling?
To drill a useable hole
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Name the six facets of a petroleum company
- Reservoir
- Production
- Land/Legal
- Geology/Geophysics
- Drilling
- Completion/Workover
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What is the interest of the well operator?
Owns the (majority) of the rights of production
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Who is the well operators representative (on location)?
- Operators Representative
- a.k.a. Company Man
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What is the Drilling Contractors interest in the well?
Separate company paid to drill well
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What is a tool pusher?
The Drilling Contractors on site representative.
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On location: Who operates the drilling equipment close to the rig floor?
The Driller
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On location: Who maneuvers drill pipe into position?
The Derrickman
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On location: Who operates the tongs and assembles pipe?
The Roughneck a.k.a. Floor Hand
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What are drilling personnel shifts called?
Tours (pronounced Towers)
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Name some support Personnel.
- Motorman
- Rig Mechanic
- Rig Electrician
- Crane Operator
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Name some service company services.
- Drilling Fluids
- Cements
- Formation Evaluation
- Fishing
- Rentals
- BOP's
- Bits
- Well Monitoring
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What are two constituents of Drilling Mud?
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What are the two types of drilling rigs?
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What are some types of land based rotary drive rigs?
- Jacknife
- Coiled Tubing
- Portable Mast
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What are two main types of marine rotary drive rigs?
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What are some types of floating marine rigs?
- Semi-submersible
- Drillship
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What are two main types of bottom support marine rotary drive rigs?
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What are two types of Marine Platform Rigs?
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What are the main differences between cable tool and rotary drive rigs?
- Rotary uses fluids and is a continuous process
- Cable tool is a percussive batch process and is a dry process
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Steps of Drilling a Well
- Determine Location
- Prepare Site
- MIRU
- Spud (start drilling)
- Surface hole-case-cement
- DO - leak off test
- Intermediate hole-case-cement
- Evaluation while logging
- Reach TD
- LD Drill Pipe
- Production Casing-cement
- RDMO Drilling Rig
- MIRU Completion Unit-comp.-stim.-run tbg
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Wildcat Well
no known drilling or geological data
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What kind of well has geological data but no drilling data?
Exploratory Well
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Step-Out Well has what kind of data?
Some geological and drilling data.
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Infill Well
Drilled in productive areas of field. Readily accessible data
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Re-Entry Well
Reasonably well known data into existing well bore to deepen or re-direct.
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Kick
Uncontrolled flow into a wellbore
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Blowout
Uncontrolled flow out of the wellbore
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Normally pressured Fresh and Saltwater Zones
- 8.34 ppg (fresh water gradient)
- 10 ppg (saturated NaCl water)
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Under-Pressured (Subnormal)
less than 8.33 ppg
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Over pressured (abnormal)
greater than 10 ppg
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Soft Shut‐in Procedure
- • Sound alarms, notify appropriate people
- • Stop drilling, pick up off bottom
- • Clear the kelly or tool joint above the rotary table
- • Shut off mud pump
- • Check for flow
- • If flowing
- – Open choke line valves and choke
- – Close annular preventer
- – Close choke
- • Record data after pseudo‐steady state
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Hard Shut‐in Procedure
- • Sound alarms, notify appropriate people
- • Stop drilling, pick up off bottom
- • Clear the kelly or tool joint above the rotary table
- • Shut off mud pump
- • Check for flow
- • If flowing
- – Close annular preventer (choke and valves should
- already be closed)
- – Open choke valves but not the choke
- • Record data after pseudo‐steady state
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Three Types of Contract Rig Cost
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Daywork
- Risk on operator, but operator has control
- Daily Cost
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Footage
- On contractor while drilling, otherwise on operator
- Cost per foot
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Turnkey
- Cost per well
- all risk and control on operator
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Rate Costs:
- Wellsite costs
- Drilling costs
- Casing Costs
- Logging Costs
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Skin
Formation damage factor caused by drillers. Main completion issue
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Flowrate is inversely proportional to:
- Viscosity
- Recovery Factor
- Skin Factor
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Flowrate is proportional to:
- Permeability
- Height
- Pressure
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Determine most important effects in Flowrate in decreasing order
- Permeability
- Skin
- Height
- Viscosity
- Pressure
- Recovery Factor
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Main Completion Types
- Openhole
- Perforated Casing
- Single Selective
- Multiple Selective
- Dual String
- Gravel Pack
- Monobore
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Gravel Packing Choices
- Open Hole Gravel Pack
- Cased Hole Gravel Pack(Prepacked)
- Cased-Hole (Perforation Packed)
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Pressure Derivation
- F=ma
- F=V'rho'g=Ah'rho'g
- p=F/A=A'rho'gh/A
- P='rho'gh
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Unit conversion from psi to ppg
19.25
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Equivalent Circulating Density
EDC = Mud Weight + [(Phyd-Ppump)*19.25] / Depth
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What is main component added to weigh up mud and what is its density?
Barite - 4.20 g/cc
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What is main component of Drilling Mud 'gel'
Bentonite - 2.49 g/cc
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Plastic Viscosity Equation
'theta 600' - 'theta 300'
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Apparent Viscosity Equation
'theta 600' / 2
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Yield Point Equation
'theta 300' - Plastic Viscosity
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Mud Density Adjustment Equation (2 steps)
- Vf = Vi[('rho_add' - 'rho_i') / ('rho_add' - 'rho_f')]
- Mass_added = (Vf - Vi) * 'rho_add'
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Conversion from g/cc to lb/bbl
1g/350mL = 1lb/bbl (*1/42gal/bbl = lb/gal)
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Kill Mud Weight Equation
(SIDPP*19.25)/depth + Orig. Mud Weight = Kill Mud Weight
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Five things on a rig named after animals
- Possum Belly - collection underneath shakers, where you get gas readings
- Rat Hole - Where you store kelly while tripping
- Mouse Hole - Where you store next joint of pipe
- Monkey Boards - Where Derrickman stands
- Cat Walk - Where you P.U. and L.D. jts of tbg/d.p.
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