Biology Test Cells

The work together by breaking into groups that do specific things. All together they support the organism, and on a lower level the cell.

Make proteins

Reproduce

Homeostasis

1 Proteins are assembled on ribosomes

2 Proteins may be inserted into the RER for chemical modification.

3 The proteins are then carried from the RER to the Golgi Apparatus in vesicles.

4 The Golgi Apparatus further modifies the proteins more, and then packages them into membrane bound vesicles.

5 From there the proteins are carried to their final destinations.

1 Double helix versus single helix

2 The prescence of Ribose in RNA instead of Deoxyribose which is in DNA

3 DNA never leaves the Nucleus

Concentration Gradients help maintain homeostasis within a cell. For instance there is a high concentration of Particle A on one side of a gradient. It wants to get through to the other side of the gradient because it has a lower concentration. To do this, it has to go through a special "machine" and powers it as it does. This give the machine energy to do what it needs to do.

First off: ATP- Adenine Triple phosphate

ADP- Adenine Double Phosphate

ATP is energy. We need it to live. The third phosphate on the end makes all the difference in it. Without it it becomes ADP. To get back to ATP it needs an ATP-S (Adenine Triple Phosphate Synthase). The ATP-S gives it the extra Phosphate it needs to become useful. However to preform this vital function the ATP-S needs energy. The ATP-S is a gradient. Protons go through this gradient to get to the other side, and in turn are powering the ATP-S. This is how the ATP-S works.

The parts of a cell membrane are displayed below.


The circles represent the polar heads. These like the water. The lines represent the non polar tails. They do not like water. In order for water to pass, they have to go through the aquaphorins which is represented by the red block. Without the red block water would not be able to get inside a cell.

Enzymes are very specific key and hole chemicals that lower the activation energy.