Greece/Rome

Name the Persian leader who fought the Greeks at the Battle of Marathon?

He was a king of Macedonia and Greece. He conquered the entire Persian Empire from the Aegean Sea to India and around the Mediterranean to Egypt. He cut the Gordian knot. Name him.

Name the famous general from Carthage who led an attack against Rome during the Punic Wars by leading a force on elephants over the Alps and the Roman general who ultimately defeated him.

The Athenians are often credited with developing a form of government called ...

Name the members of the Second Triumvirate.

Name the members of the First Triumvirate.

Name the twins who according to legend founded Rome.

Name the general who led Athens’ disastrous attack against Sicily during the Peloponnesian War.

Name the league to which Athens belonged but to which Sparta refused to join. Its chief aim was drive the Persians completely out of Greece.

This city-state won the Peloponnesian War

This pro-Spartan oligarchy was installed in Athens after its defeat in the Peloponnesian War in April 404 BC. Their deeds included the murder of one of their own by hemlock for lack of ruthlessness and the removing of the laws of Ephialtes from the Areopagus. Name this group including Theramenes and Critias, the uncle of Plato, established in Athens after the Battle of Aegospotami by Lysander.

What important battle was fought in 378 between a Roman army led by the Emperor Valens and Germanic tribes and ended with an overwhelming victory for the Germanic tribes, thus setting the stage for the final collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century?

Name the famous naval battle in which the Greeks defeated the Persians and helped bring an end to the Persian War?

What Greek wrote the first history of Greece's war with Persia and is called the 'Father of History'?

Name the Persian leader, son of Darius I, who was defeated by Athens in 480 BC.

Name the two Greek city-states that fought the Peloponnesian War?

Believed to be the ideal king by Xenophon, his Stele tells how he captured Babylon without a battle and, according to the Bible, Daniel presented him with an ancient scroll of Isaiah on his entrance into Babylon. Identify this son of Cambyses I and founder, in 548 BC, of the Persian empire?

Name the Spartan general who led the heroic stand at Thermopylae.

Name the famous battle during the Persian Wars when a small number of Greek soldiers held a mountain pass against a superior force of Persians, who found a way through a secret pass, and ultimately massacred every Greek soldier.

Led by a prefect, it numbered upto 16,000 men who attended the emperor constantly. In 27 BC Augustus formally established What special force of bodyguards used by Roman emperors?

He came to power by killing the usurper Gautama, also known as Smerdis, in a coup which he recounted in the Behistun Inscription. He divided his empire into twenty provinces, each under the command of a satrap. He also built a road from Susa to his new capital, which replaced the former dynastic capital at Pasargadae. During his rule, he successfully put down rebellions in Sugartia and Susiana and waged war against the Scythians, but he was defeated in 490 B.C. by revolting Ionian city-states in the Battle of Marathon. Name this Persian king who was succeeded by Xerxes I.

The mountainous terrain of Greece divides its people and cities into little states. In fact, they were called city-states. Four chief city-states were found in ancient Greece around 500 B.C. Name these four chief city-states.

This empire was centered at Constantinople

One conflict of this name saw the commander Philomelos throw himself off a cliff after the Battle of Neon, after which Onomarchos took control of the army. But he was soon defeated and his brother Phayllus took command after the Battle of the Crocus Field. The final one of these conflicts was fought against the Locrians of Amphissa while the semi-legendary first one arose when Kirrha attempted to collect a tax; its aftermath saw the complete destruction of the plain of Krissa, as approved by the members of the Amphictyonic League. The second one saw Phocis set up as the ruling power by the Athenians after being chased out by the Spartans, while the third and fourth of these conflicts were won by Philip II of Macedon. Give this series of four wars so named because they were fought over control of the oracle of Delphi.

What descriptive term named after a lawgiver in ancient Greece refers to laws that are unreasonably harsh?

Who were the women in Rome who took vows of chastity and tended the sacred flame in the temple of the goddess Vesta?

After the death of Crassus, What river in Italy did Julius Caesar cross with his army in violation of the orders of Rome, leading to a long and bloody civil war that lasted until 45 BCE and the defeat of Pompey's forces?

Who said 'I came, I saw, I conquered'?

In 60 AD, what queen of the Iceni tribe revolted against Roman rule of England.

The first emperor of the Holy Roman Empire

What Latin phrase refers to the long period of peace in the Roman Empire?

The first skirmish in them was fought on Mount Scorobas, and was followed by battles at Orchomenos and Chaeronea, both defeats for the general Archelaus. The second of them saw Lucius Murena take over the armies of Flavius Fimbria, after the first of these contests had been ended by the Treaty of Dardanus. The third saw an alliance with Tigranes the Great and battles at Cyzicus and Lycus. That conflict involved a commander named Lucius Lucullus, who was replaced by Pompey. Name this series of three wars against the Romans beginning around 90 B.C., named for the King of Pontus who instigated them.

Name the fifth century tribe of barbarians from western Asia known for their brutality?

Xenophon writes of the girls who played flutes during the first destruction of these things, which were ultimately a casualty of catapults during the First Mithridatic War. Though a Spartan army defeated their builders at Tangara during their construction, they were completed in time for Pericles to advise the Athenians to stay behind them. Name these fortifications, stretching over 6 miles, which connected Athens to the port at Piraeus.

Three wars between ancient Carthage and Rome in the third and second centuries

Name the battle in which the ancient Greeks defeated a much larger Persian army. News was carried to Athens by a messenger who died upon delivering the message.

Who was the Roman politician who hated Carthage and ended all his speeches with the words 'Carthage must be destroyed'?

According to one legend this historical figure received a signet ring from Honoria, the sister of Valentinian III, which he assumed was a marriage proposal. The leader of forces assembled by his uncle Rua, he killed the Visigothic king Theodoric I at a 451 battle near the Marne river. He died during the reign of Marcian and came to power after the death of his uncle Rua and after he killed his intended co-ruler, his brother Bleda. His rule was already on the decline before Aetius and a confederation of troops defeated him at Catalaunian Plains, or the Battle of Chalons in 451. What 5th century marauder was known as 'the scourge of God'?

What Greek philosopher, whose followers were called, cynics, continually walked the streets carrying a lamp and searching for an honest man?

What empire centered at Constantinople began as the eastern part of the Roman Empire?

Current name of the city of Constantinople

What series of military campaigns by several invading Roman legions helped to make a hero of Julius Caesar?

An outer garment for men in ancient Rome, worn as a sign of citizenship

An empire in western Asia in ancient times which, under the kings Darius and Xerxes, attempted to conquer Greece several times in the fifth century B.C. but were defeated in the Battle of Marathon and in several other land and sea battles.

The Roman general who made himself dictator and was assassinated by his friend Brutus and others on the ides of March in 44 B.C

The period from the death of Alexander the Great in 323 B.C. to the middle of the first century B.C. It was marked by Greek and Macedonian emigration to areas conquered by Alexander and by the spread of Greek civilization from Greece to northern India

The language of ancient Rome

This ancient Greek astronomer, living in Egypt, proposed that the sun and the planets revolve around the earth

In an attempt to imitate Agamemnon, he planned to offer a sacrifice to the gods at Aulis before an expedition to Ionia. However, he was unsuccessful due to the intervention of the Thebans, who rankled under the dominance of his polis. Once in Asia Minor, he met with great success in battle against the Persians, but in 395 BC he was called back to Greece, to defend his city against the allied forces of Athens, Thebes, and Corinth in the battle of Coronea. Despite being the Eurypontid king of Sparta, this son of Archidamus II later led a mercenary army to aid the Egyptians against Persia. Name this king who saw the decline of Sparta after her victory in the Peloponnesian Wars, a man who is paired with Pompey in Plutarch's Lives and who succeeded his brother Agis II.

The rule of this Greek leader of Athens is sometimes known as the Golden Age of Greece

Who conquered not only Media but Lydia as well and is considered the greatest Persian ruler?

He fought in the Peloponnesian War and later wrote a history of the war

A long war between the Greek city-states of Athens and Sparta in the fifth century B.C.

Towards the end of his life George Dumezil wrote a book on this Roman hero, noting that his battles involving sudden assaults at daybreak may suggest that he was actually a solar deity made mortal. Builder of the Temple of Concordia later in life to celebrate the Sexto-Licinian laws in 367, he was paired with Themistocles by Plutarch because like him he won a great victory for his community and was later exiled, though unlike the Greek this man returned to Rome after his exile at Veii, which he had earlier captured, to aid the Romans in their darkest hour in 396 BCE. Name this Roman who defeated and reclaimed the spoil taken by Brennus and the Gauls and was revered as a second Romulus for his direction of the rebuilding of the city.

He fought his last battle at Eurymedon, where he led a Seleucid fleet. He fought to a draw at Crotona, and was recalled after his side's defeat at Bagbrades, a few years after his brother's death at Metaurus River. This was a far cry from such early victories as Trebia and Lake Trasimene. During the second of the Punic Wars between Carthage and Rome, he took an army of more than 100,000, supported by elephants, across the Alps into Italy in an effort to conquer Rome. Name this son of Hamilcar Barca and great Carthaginian general of the Second Punic War.

He died in pitched battle at Pistoia while fleeing for his life. He made his name during the Social War, while serving with Pompey under the forces of Pompeius Strabo. It was actually the ambassadors of the Celtic Allobroges tribe and his mistress that would prove his undoing. These details are mostly found in the biography of him written by Sallust. Sallust also relates that after serving as governor of Africa, this man was barred from running for consul and how his attempt to circumvent the ban led to Cicero's series of orations against him. Identify this namesake of a 63 BC conspiracy that was an attempt to overthrow the Roman Republic, and in particular the power of the aristocratic Senate.

One of the main events of the Fall of Rome was the plundering of the city of Rome by this invading tribe

The greatest orator of ancient Greece. He is said to have overcome a childhood stutter by forcing himself to speak with pebbles in his mouth. He delivered speeches called Philippics attacking King Philip of Macedon, who was an enemy of Athens.

A city of the Roman Empire, on the Italian seacoast, that was known for the luxury and dissipated ways of its citizens and was destroyed in the first century by an eruption of nearby Mount Vesuvius

Literally meaning "war leader", what position was originally a commander of the army, but later it became the chief magistrate of ancient Athens?

Name the Visigoth king killed at the Battle of Vouillé.

During the decline of the Roman Empire, what great Ostrogoth leader effectively became king of Italy?

In the Roman Empire, what name was given to the upper class of Roman citizens?

In the Roman Empire, what name was given to the lower class of Roman citizens?

Name the battle in which Octavian defeated Antony and Cleopatra.

He unleashed the First Coalition War after falling foul of the regent Perdiccas, and then took command of the campaign against Eumenes of Cardia. His 316 BCE victory at Gabiene gave him control of all the land between the Aegean and the Hindu Kush. The Peace of the Dynasts temporarily solidified his position, and he tried to revive Philip's Corinthian League as a defense against Cassander and his other enemies, but he was finally killed in 301 BCE at the battle of Ipsus. Name this general under Alexander the Great, a rival of Ptolemy and Seleucus.

The first group under this name was formed for mutual protection against pirates, though not much else is known. This group's second and more famous incarnation was founded in order to free Sicyon from tyranny and fell under the leadership of Aratus. It fell into conflict with Cleomenes III of Sparta and sought Macedonian aid against the Aetolian League in 227 BCE. Later, the Romans deported this organization's leaders, including Polybius, and defeated them at the Battle of Corinth. Identify this group of Greek city-states whose goal was Greek liberty.

Name the German who ultimately ousted the last Roman Emperor in the West, Romulus Augustus, and took his place.

This man was appointed king of the empire upon the death of his father in battle against the Massagetes. He served as king of Babylon for a year, but later resigned after a faux pas at a religious festival and was made satrap of Bactria. After marrying Phaidymia, daugther of Otanes, it is said that he slew is brother Smerdis in order to protect his reign. He went on to fight Samos under Polycrates, who was allied with the Egyptians under the pharaoh Amasis in 525 BCE. Identify this second Achaemenid king and successor to Cyrus the Great.

Name the Greek architect known for his statue of Zeus in the Temple of Olympia and Athena in the Parthenon.

A famous battle in the fifth century B.C., in which the ancient Greeks defeated a much larger army of the Persian Empire. News of the victory was carried to Athens, a distance of about twenty-six miles, by a messenger who collapsed and died of exhaustion after delivering his message

What famous Athenian lawmaker who repealed most of the laws of Draco was given the task of rewriting the constitution, which incorporated the first elements of democracy in world history?

Name the Germanic tribe that took over most of south-western France and Spain during the collapse of the Roman Empire but were ultimately defeated and driven out by the Franks.

What empire, who leaders included Cyrus and Cambyses, was defeated by the Greeks at Marathon in 490 B.C.E.?

What Athenian statesman, nicknamed "the Just" did Plato called the only man in Athens worth admiring?

In ancient Greece, the Athenian democracy elected ten generals each year, one for each of the ten 'tribes'. What name was given to each of these ten generals?

What name was given to the chief magistrate in many Greek cities?

Name the Roman general who became dictator of Rome after the Civil War in 81 BC.

Name the general who fought against Lucius Sulla in the Civil War?

What Roman writer penned "Parallel Lives", a biographical collection about the emperors of Rome?

What ancient Greek who established the world's first democracy in 500 BC, with power being held by an assembly of all the male citizens?

The Goths were a Germanic Tribe that originated where?

The Huns were a group of Nomads from where?

What commander of the Spartan fleet was victorious against the Athenians at Aegospotami in 405 BC and took Athens itself the following year, bringing the Peloponnesian War to an end?

According to some reports, his mother was Abrotonon of Thrace or Euterpe of Caria, but it was certain that he was related to the Lycomedea through his father Neocles. As archon, he sponsored the first efforts to make the defensible rock bays of Piraeus into harbors, but in general suffered from a reputation as a slick politician willing to profit through war. Unlike many older Athenians, he had the foresight to realize that the battle of Marathon would not end the war against the Persians, prompting him to urge for expansion of the navy and the building of triremes. Name this general who tricked Xerxes into initiating the naval engagement at Salamis.

In the Roman Empire, in what major facility were chariot races held?

Bagoas poisoned his predecessors, Artaxerxes III and Arses, but this king forced Bagoas to drink the poison himself. The League of Corinth was formed to free the Greek cities under his control, and when Charidemus critiqued his battle plans, this ruler had Charidemus executed. The downfall of this last Achaemenid ruler began with the loss of the Battle of the Granicus, and he allowed his own family to get captured at the Battle of Issus. Identify this Persian king who got slapped around by Alexander the Great.

The codification of ancient Roman law was found in a document known as ...

Warfare in Ancient Greece centered mainly around heavy infantrymen given what name?

Name the main city of the Minoan civilization.

What do we call the period of Greek civilization after the death of Alexander the Great and before the Greece was annexed by Rome?

What name was given to a professional Roman officer who commanded a group of about 100 Roman infantrymen?

Name this Roman slave who led an insurrection of slaves in the first century.

What legendary lawgiver of Sparta established the military-oriented reformation of Spartan society in accordance with the Oracle of Apollo at Delphi?

Name the Germanic tribe that ultimately sacked Rome in 410 AD.

This man commanded troops at the Battle of Ad Decimum, or Ten Mile Post, where he nearly saw defeat until the fall of Ammatus allowed his troops to triumph, and after that he won an easy victory at the Battle of Tricameron. Earlier, this commander's army had seen defeat at the hands of Azarethes in the Battle of Callinicum, after which the emperor signed the 'Endless Peace'. He was ordered to depose Pope Silverius in favor of Vigilius, an act for which he later repented, and he married Antonina, a court favorite who wielded a good deal of influence. Along with Mundus, he reported to the Hippodrome to suppress a certain disturbance, and he was later replaced with the eunuch Narses. Name the greatest general of the Byzantine Empire that was sent by the Roman Emperor Justinian to re-take Africa from the Vandals.

The Trojan War occurred during what Greek civilization that had destroyed the Minoans?

In ancient Greece, hoplites fought in a dense formation of men, sometimes 1,000 men long and 10-20 ranks deep whose effectiveness came in the fact that the shields of each man overlapped the next, creating an almost solid wall. What was this formation called?

In ancient Greece, this entity included the city or town and the surrounding countryside, but differed from modern cities in that it was autonomous, that is not controlled by a larger regional or national government. What is this entity that begins with the letter ‘P’?

What was the last name of last names of two brothers, Tiberius and Gaius, who went down in history as two martyrs to the cause of social reform as both were killed by members of the Senate for attempting to make the system more friendly to the lower classes of Rome?

Perhaps the most famous Etruscan was this last King of Rome. It was his son, Sextus, who committed the Rape of Lucretia that prompted his downfall.

What scholar and tutor of Nero was accused of treason and ultimately committed suicide?

What decree issued by Constantine legalized Christianity in the Roman Empire?

What noted Roman orator became known as the "Father of Latin Prose"?

The battle began a seven-year war which established the Rhine as the boundary of the Roman Empire for the next four hundred years, until the decline of the Roman influence in the West. Identify this battle that place in the year 9 A.D. when an alliance of Germanic tribes led by Arminius ambushed and destroyed three Roman legions.

Name and Ordinal. Who was the father of Alexander the Great?

What was the capital and the showcase city of the Persian Empire?

Name the blind Greek poet who wrote "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey".

Name the first of the three great Greek writers of tragedy and the predecessor of Sophocles and Euripides?

Who was the Greek writer of comedy?

Name the famous Greek philosopher and teacher of Plato who was imprisoned and executed by being forced to drink hemlock.

Name the famous Greek philosopher and teacher of Aristotle founded a school called the Academy.

Name the famous Greek philosopher and tutor of Alexander the Great founded a school called the Lyceum.

Plato called her the "Tenth Muse". Name this famous Greek female writer of erotic poetry who lived on the island of Lesbos.

Name the centermost hill of the seven hills upon which Romulus and Remus were discovered and upon which the city of Rome was first built.

How many Punic Wars were fought between Rome and Carthage?

What Roman poet was known for his odes?

What Roman wrote "The Art of Love" and "Metamorphoses"?

The site for this battle was chosen after the general Arimnestus had a dream in which Zeus told him that the Greeks had misinterpreted the Delphic Oracle, and that there was a plain of Eleusinian Demeter nearby on which they could fight. The death of the popular Masistius in a skirmish, and unfavorable omens on both sides, delayed the start of this battle for eight days. Then the poisoning of the Gargaphia spring forced the Greeks to move. The subsequent retreat into the foothills of Mount Cithaeron prompted the Persians to attack, but the Spartan line held, and the Persian general was killed. That general, Mardonius, was killed by Pausanius' forces in, what decisive Greek victory over the Persians in 479 BC?

This Greek navigator and geographer who explored the western coastline of Europe' Identify this man who as the first Greek to visit the British Isles, and who may have sailed as far north as Iceland.

Name the large peninsula in southern Greece, forming the part of the country south of the Gulf of Corinth that was the location of ancient Sparta?

What was the highest elected office of the Roman Republic and an appointive office under the Empire?

What name was given to elected magistracies and other governmental offices of the Roman Republic and Empire that were representatives of the plebians?

Name the battle in which Hannibal defeated the Romans, destroying a force of 80,000 Romans.

How many Punic Wars were fought?

In which of the Punic Wars did Rome finally succeed in destroying the city of Carthage?

In which of the Punic Wars did Hannibal lead his troops on elephants across the Alps?

The groundwork for this battle was laid by a successful surprise attack during the siege of Utica. The Roman force arranged itself in columns with hastati in front, separated by velites. Laelius' cavalry quickly succeed on the Roman left in this battle whose site Livy identified as Naraggara. Nevertheless, a timely maneuver by the Numidian cavalry under Masinissa allowed the Romans to outflank and destroy the Carthaginians in what 202 BCE battle in which Scipio Africanus neutralized Hannibal's war elephants?

The heart of the Roman government was what body that advised the consuls and other magistrates and ran the day to day operations of Roman government?

They led the Persian Army. Name this group that had earned its name because its number never fell below 10,000.

They consisted of Quirinal, Viminal, Esquiline, Caelian, Aventine, and Capitoline. Give the collective name of thse structure upon which the city of Rome was built.

What name was given to the Jewish extremists who worked and fought to rid Judea of the Romans?

Name the Hellenistic empire of Asia Minor centered in Syria and founded after the death of Alexander the Great by Seleucus, one of Alexander's generals.

Give the term referring to Spartan slaves considered to be state property. They were assigned to both agricultural and military tasks.

The ancient Greeks called their land Hellas. From this name comes what name of the great age of Greek civilization that began taking shape about 800 BC?

This Athenian statesman and military leader, regarded as both brilliant and unscrupulous, rose to prominence during the Peloponnesian War when Athenian power was declining. What man rallied the Athenians to an alliance against Sparta, was involved in a disastrous campaign in Sicily in 415 B.C. and fled to Sparta when falsely charged with defacing sacred statues.

This secret mixture ignited on contact with water and was used effectively against Arab fleets in naval battles. Identify this Flammable substance used by the Byzantines in warfare from the 7th century.

He eventually founded 7 colonies and may have reached Sierra Leone. What 5th century Carthaginian navigator led a fleet of ships along the West coast of Africa for the purpose of establishing new colonies?

This unit of the Roman army generally consisted of 4,000-6,000 infantrymen arranged in 8 ranks as well as other units, such as cavalry, were also part of this group. Identify this unit of the Roman army used from about 400 B.C. to the time of the German invasions.

This Roman general, called 'the sword of Rome' was five times consul of Rome. Identify this Roman general who conquered Syracuse in 212 B.C. and died while fighting against Hannibal.

At this Roman bridge over the Tiber, Constantine defeated Maxentius in 312 A.D., and thus became sole ruler in the western Roman Empire. Identify this bridge where Constatine also saw the vision of a cross in the sky that led him to adopt Christianity.

The banishment lasted 10 years. identify the term for the Greek political banishment imposed by Athenians on those disrupting local stability

One legend claims that he created a standard text of Homer by comparing then-extant variants from all over Greece. His military achievements included controlling Naxos and Sigeum and winning the Battle of Pallene, which was his third attempt at bringing tyranny to his previously oligarchic city. He established Athenian hegemony in Ionia, sponsored extensive pubic building, passed important land laws, and commissioned a definitive edition of Homer. Identify this Greek statesman and tyrant of Athens.

In In ancient Roman government, what name was given to a class of officers and magistrates to whom authority was delegated.

After the Battle of Salamis, Xerxes returned to Persia and abandoned his army led by this commander, who was killed at the Battle of Plataea?

They originally featured musical contests in honor of Apollo at Delphi but athletic contests were added in imitation of the Olympic Games after 582 B.C. Identify these ancient Greek games took their name from the priestess of the oracle at Delphi.

This name was given provincial governors of the ancient Persian Empire. In general, what term refered to someone who administered the province, collected taxes, and was the supreme judge.