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body
weight bearing portion
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superior articular facet
concave surface on superior, posterior
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inferior articular facet
concave surface inferior to superior articular facets
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transverse process
extends laterally from posterior of body
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spinous process
extends back from posterior side
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intervertebral foramen
hole between vertebrae
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cervical vertebrae
relatively small, function is to support the head and allow for its movements
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C1/ atlas
cervical vertebra: top of vertebral column, supports head
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C2/ axis
cervical vertebra: prominent anterior knob, allows rotation
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dens/ odontoid process
cervical vertebra: only on C2, projects into vertebral foramen of C1
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bifid spinous process
cervical vertebra: protruding cleft point, bifid = cleft
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transverse foramen
cervical vertebra: holes in transverse process
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thoracic vertebra
correspond to the 12 pairs of ribs attached to them
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transverse coastal facet
thoracic vertebra: shallow, cup-like facet at the anterior end of transverse process
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costal demifacet
thoracic vertebra: pairs of facets for ribs closest to body of vertebra
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lumbar vertebra
thick, stout, body and blunt, squarish spinous process
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sacral vertebra
begin to fuse around age 16, and are usually fully fused into a single bony plate by age 26
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sacrum
forms the posterior wall of the pelvic cavity and protects the organs within
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anterior sacral foramina
four pairs of holes in the anterior side of the sacrum for nerves to pelvic organs
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posterior sacral foramina
four pairs of holes in the posterior side of the sacrum to gluteal region and lower limbs
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sacral promontory
supports body of L5 at proximal end
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auricular surface
ear-shaped region of the sacrum that articulates with the hip bone
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coccygeal vertebra
form tail bone
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