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What is the mechanism for beta-blockers?
blocks the effects of adrenaline on your body's beta receptors
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What are the Beta 1-receptors responsible for?
heart rate and strength of your heart beat
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What are Beta 2-receptors responsible for?
function of smooth muscles in blood vessels, bronchi, GI tract, and genitourinary tract
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Where are the adrenal glands located and what do they secrete?
they are located on top of the kidneys; they secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine
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What is epinephrine?
a hormone that increases heart rate and force of heart contractions, thus increasing blood pressure
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what is norepinephrine?
a hormone has strong vasoconstrictive effects, thus increasing blood pressure
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what are some other names for beta blockers?
beta-adrenergic blocking agents; beta-blocking agents
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What are the indications for beta blockers?
Hypertension; Angina: Helps prevent additional heart attacks in heart; attack patients; Corrects irregular heartbeat; Prevents migraine; headaches; Treat tremors
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What do beta-blockers reduce?
heart rate and blood pressure
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are all beta blockers receptor selective?
no some are non-selective (affecting both beta-1 and beta-2 sites
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What are some possible side effects of beta blockers?
Slow heart-rate (bradycardia); Fatigue; Dizziness; Depression; Shortness of breath; Nightmares; increases skin sensitivity to sunlight
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Why should diabetics be careful while taking beta blockers?
may cause blood glucose to rise, can increase glucose intolerance, can mask symptoms of hypoglycemia
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Why can beta blockers possibly mask hypoglycemic symptoms?
it prevents stimulating "fight or flight" responses of the body thereby inhibiting gluconeogenesis
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What is the patient education for beta blockers?
take with food to increase absorption; may increase skin sensitivity to sunlight
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What is the mechanism for diuretics?
cause kidneys to remove more sodium and water from the body and relaxes the blood vessel wall resulting in lower blood pressure
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What class of drug is triamterene/HCTZ? What is/are the brand name(s) for it?
diuretic; maxzide and dyazide
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What can triamterene be used for to treat?
fluid retention (edema) in people with: congestive heart failure, cirrhosis of the lever, nephrotic syndrome
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What makes triamterene different from other diuretics?
K+ sparing, prevents body from absorbing too much salt, keeps potassium levels from getting too low, used to keep K+ in body
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What class of drug is hydrochlorothiazide? What is its brand name?
diuretic; HydroDIURIL
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What class of drug is furosemide? What is its brand name?
diuretic; Lasix
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What class of drug is spironolactone? What is its brand name?
diuretic; aldactone
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