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short bone
carpals, tarsals
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sesamoid bone
patella (knee cap)
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tuberosity
large round projection
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tubercle
small round projection
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trochanter
large blunt, irregularly shaped process (femur only)
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line
narrow ridge, less prominent than crest
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crest
narrowredge, usually prominent
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condyle
round articular projection
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epicondyle
raised area on/above condyle
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spine
sharp, slender pointed projection
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process
prominence/projection
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head
bony expansion on narrow neck
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facet
smooth flat articular surface
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ramus
arm like bar of bone
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sinus
space within bone, filled with air, lined with mucos
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meatus
canal like passage
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fossa
shallow basin like depression, articular surface
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fissure
narrow slit-like opening
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foramen
round oval openeing
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periosteum
fibrous covering of bone
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endosteum
inner lining of shaft
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epiphysis
ends of long bones
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articular cartilage
covers epiphysis in place of periosteum
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epiphyseal plate
thin area of hyalin cartilage (young embryo)
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epiphyseal lines
remnants of epiphyseal plate
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medullary cavity
central cavity of shaft, contains yellow marrow (adipose)
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yellow marrow
in medullary cavity of adults
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red marrow
in medullary cavity of infants, epiphysis of adults
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compact bone
dense, with passageways
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spongy bone
spikey open-work appearance
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Central (haversian) canal
runs parellel to long axis of bone
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perforating (volkmann's) canal
connect central canals, medullary cavity, and periosteum
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osteocytes
mature bone cells
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lacunae
chamers that house osteocytes
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lamella
concentric circles of lacunae around haversian canal
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canaliculi
tiny canals that connect central canal to lacunae/lamella
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Osteon (haversian system)
central canal and all surrounding concentric lamella
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Hyaline carilage
most skeletal cartilage; joints, ribs-sternum
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elastic cartilage
external ear, epiglotis
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fibrocartilage
intervertebral disks, meniscus. cartilage/dense regular C.T. hybrid
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Vertebrae
- cervical-7 have transverse foramen
- thorasic-12 giraffe, costal facets to connect ribs
- lumbar-5 moose larger body and spinous process
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Sacrum
- 5 fused vertebrae
- ala-wing-like edges
- promontory-crest in middle, above sacral canal
- sacral hiatus- distal exit of the sacral canal
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coccyx
- 4 fused vertebrae
- distal of sacrum
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manubrium
- top part
- jugular notch btwn clavicals
- sternal angle (bump) btwn manubrium and body
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xyphoid process
- very bottom. near 5th intercostal space
- hyaline cart. in infants, bone in adults
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Ribs
- 1-7: true ribs, vertebrosternal connect to sternum directly via hyaline cartilage
- 8-10: false ribs, vertebrochondral, attach to costal cartilage that connects 1-7 to sternum
- 11-12: false ribs, floating/vertebral. do not connect to sternum
- all ribs connect to thorasic vertebrae via costal facets
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