POLS Test #2

although americans profess a belief in equality they seem to lean away from equality of ___________

what people can learn about politics depends on the stage of their mental development is an example of what psychologists call......

groups of people roughly equal in social position who interact with one another are called....

as children grow their idealization of political authority fades to realism

_____________ _________ is a persons sense of being able to accomplish something politically

an act of ______ __________ is a deliberate violation of the law as a means of asserting the illegitimacy of the law or calling attention to a higher moral principle

according to the ______ ___________ ___________ the expected benefit of voting is relatively small

the tv network that the president and many world leaders have come to rely on for a major source of information is...

the ___________ _________- requires stations to give or sell time to one political candidate if the station has given or sold time to another candidate for the same office

when they vote, journalist greatly favor the _________ party

more than print journalism tv news reporting calls for ________ of events rather than merely stating what happened

the public's high degree of interest in politics is substantiated by their high level of knowledge of politics
True False

americans tend to support equality of opportunity over equality of result
True False

the effect of school as an agent of poticial socialization is sudden and dynamic as the child enters grade school
True False

once in school children tend to become less partisan
True False

political socialization differs widely between distinctive political subcultures in the united states
True False

the highest rates of political activity are among poeple with a strong commitment to a political party

one of the most common methods of political participation in the united states is the direct contact of public officals
True False

most studies have shown a strong relationship between public opinion and public policy
True False

newspapers had very little influence in the united states during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries
True False

many world leaders including the president of the united states often depend on cable newtwork news as a more accurate source of information than their own offical sources
True False

increased access to the mass media has resulted in greater knowledge about news events and public affairs
True False

radio and television operate under legal restraints that do not apply to print journalism
True False

voters receive more political information from political parties than from the media
True False

recent polls have revealed that the public finds that the news media are for the most part inaccurate
True False

public officals often use letters to other public officals to make news and bring an issue to the public
True False

according to recent public opinion poll most americans believe the news media are fair and unbiased
True False

television news editors prefer to emphasize stories that are visual rather than issue-oriented
True False

public opinion surveys that rate how well the president is handling the job

a 1987 survey found out that a plurality of the public says they follow government and public affairs

most americans

in recent years american public opinion has

the theory suggesting that there are some things that can be learned only early in life and other things that can be learned only later in life is called....

research indicates that the transmission of poticial attitudes from parents to their offspring is substantial only when

the principal explicit teacher of information about politics is

the first poitical thoughts acquired by a small child is a

major political and social events seem to have the most powerful and lasting effect on those who experice them in their

the largest substantially different subcutlure in the united states is

factors that motivate people to participate in politics

acts of civil diobedience have ebeen justified on the basis of

the percent of americans who say that they have themselves broken the law in a protest for potical or social cause is

according to verba and nie the category of citizen participation that ocmprises about 4% of the population consists of mainly lower-status groups catholics and urban dwellers and show little partisan or ideological involvement is

according to the rational actor model which of the following activities would be considered the most rational and effective form of political participation?
voting
letter writing to public officials
collective acativities
potical assassination

a major source of news and information for many world leaders and governemnt agencies today is

the primary source for national news for most americans is

freedom of the press is protected by the

the best description of the political status of the sirwaves is that it is

the requirement that stations devote a reasonable percentage of airtime to discussions of both sides of public issues was called the

when editor and journalists decide in large measure what american people will know about they are performing the media role of

factors that seem to guide the selection of news stories include

the part of government that recieves the most press coverage is the

tv presidential debates emphasize the

In most places in the united states potential voters are required to _________ before they are allowed to vote

two social characteristics that show the strongest relation to voting turnout are _______ and _______

the three major factors that seem most to influence how poeple vote are ________ _____________ and _________

the three virtures that voters see to consider most important in a candidate are attractive personal qualities ___________ and ____________

the most important quality to be a presidential contender is ___________

thoday presidential candiates tend to rely on more professional _______ ___________ to pla and execute their compaign strategy

a major criticism of media is their tendency to focus on the _________________ aspects of the presidental cmapign at the expense of the issues

a major loophole in the controls on money that can be spent on a presidental candidate's behald is the ability of state and local parties to raise ____ __________

a house district where party affiliation is so lopsided that one or the other party is assured vistory is called ________ ___________

a presidental candidate whoe popularity appears to give a boost to his party's candidates for the house and senate is said to have _______

studies have shown that younger people are more likely to vote than older people
True False

increasing political alienation or distrust has been shown to be the promary reason for low voter turnout in the united states
True False

in recent years politcial party affiliation has become less important determinant of voting decisions
True False

the best assurance of being elected president is already to be president
True False

condidates tend to favor long tv advertisements in order to maximize public exposure and issue funds
True False

an incumbent president had little to gain in accepting a debate with his opponent
True False

the electoral college results in small states represented out of proportion to their population
True False

candidates for the house and senate seceive a small amount of public financing too little to run a successful campaign
True False

women are given the right to vote by the

the two social characteristics that show the strongest relation to voting are

each of the following may be considered a reason for declining voter turnout except

voters tend to prefer presidential candidates with

in recent years seious contenders for the presidency

in recent years the media campaign for presidential elections has

the federal election campaign act

soft money refers to money

t

the most common method by which political parties choose presidential electors in the states is through a

the choice of a running mate is usually made

presidential debates

after incumbency the single most important dterminant of voting in congressional races is

midterm congressional elections

james madison wrote in ________ about the dangers of factions

PACs blossomed into prominence as a result of the _______ ______ ______ _____

interest groups legislators and administrators are sometimes called the ___________ of american politics

interest groups have brought cases before the courts through ___- _- ________- representing a large number of individuals with the same grievance

america has been known as the ____-- _______ society because it consists of people of all races and nationalities

no issues in recent year has drawn religious groups more into the political fray than ___________

the tendency for diiferent coalitions to form on different issues is called _

when an overabundance of interest groups refusing to compromise develops the situation is called an interest group ____________

on of the ___________ functions of parties is to educate citisens and mobilize them into political action

a change in party systems occurs after a shot period of political turnmoil and change called
____________

in the second american party system the spiritual descendants of the federalist party was the ______ party

one of the major reasons why the united states has a two-party system is because of the system of _________ elections

a statement of political party's proposed program is called its _______

all of the groups of people who together make up the main supporters of particular party are called the party's ___________

the increase in party identification since 1978 has primarily benefited the __________ party

groups that stay within the political mainstream tend to be influential
True False

most PACs are registered with the Federal Election Commission
True False

PACs are especially significant at the national level for the presidential campaigns
True False

the influence of agricultural organizations have been on the rise since the Reagan administration
True False

less than two percent of the african americans population belongs to the NAACP
True False

the influence of the christian right declined dramatically in the late 1980s
True False

when parties recruit and train political leaders they are performing one of their electoral functions
True False

political parties are formally sanctioned in article 3 section 4 of the constitution
True False

the democratic party was the first truly national political system
True False

a system of proportional representation encourages the development of a two-party system
True False

third parties have had very little influence on the american political system
True False

the relationship between the national state and local party organizations follows a strict hierarchical pattern
True False

throughout the 1970s and 1980s party discipline and coordination seemed to dteriorate
True False

the increasae in the number of single-issue interest groups has contributed to the resurgence of political parties based on new coalitions
True False

the political parties have shown a keen ability to eventually adapt to changing circumstance
True False

the theory that sees power as dispersed among many different centers of power is called

the more politically influential groups in america tend to be

the major means by which interest groups try o create public support or sympathy for their political goals is

the federal election act of 1974 set the limit on individual contributions to candidates at

lobbyists

the iron triangle of american politics consist of

regarding the judicial process interest groups

the american federation of labor-congress of industrial organizations

which of the following statements about the national organization for women is false?
it supports freedom of choice on abortion
it is not actively involved in electoral politics
it has only about 160,000 members
it is the most prominent women's political organization

most african americans

in recent years the most important political issue concerning religious groups

americans for democratic action is a

an example of single-issue group would be

a factor that helps contribute to stability in the american system of interest group politics is

when a pluralistic system becomes paralyzed when too many interest groups refuse to compromise is known as

the main difference between groups and parties is that

functions of political parties

each party system evolved from its predecessor in a relatively short period of political turmoil and change called

the first truly national political party was the

the underlying cause for the shift from the fourth to the fifth american party system was

since 1968 the most dramatic shit in voting patterns has been in the

a multiparty system is most likely to occur when the electoral system is based on

third parties in the american political system

activities that occur at the party's national convention

which of the following statements about the party in the electorate is false?
party identification is based on pyschological identification
the party in the electorate is defined by people saying they think of themselves as belonging to a party
various groups in society come together to form a party's coalition
party identification is very stable over time

part of the evidence that political parties were in decline by the 1970s and the 1980s include

which of the following is considered a cause of party decline?
the increased use of political patronage
the rise of the public welfare system
the inability of parties and candidates to master the mass media
the increased use of caucuses to choose candidates

which of the following is not a consequence of party decline?
citizens are not socialized into politics
electoral alternatice become confusing
campaigns and elections become fragmented
power beomces more centralized

evidence that the party in government is in resurgence includes the fact that