week 1 PHARM Ch 1, 2, 10, 12, & 13

Nurses seen as resource persons

Nurses are liable for any meds they administer

• 1.Do not harm patients
• 2. they have a right to informed consent

The right to deny medications, after you tell them side effects or adverse effects

• 1. nurses monitor for drug actions/reactions
• 2. nurses provide teaching to patient/caregiver
• 3. nurses administer drugs in all forms
• 4. nurses adminter drugs via all routes

Study of chemical properties of a drug and how they effect living systems.

Related to a drug that any company is free to produce.

1.Relate to a specific, registered patent per drug company 2.has a superscript above the name.

OTC Drugs are drugs that can be purchased without a prescription

drug which requires a signed prescription by authorized health care provider

drugs which have been identifed by the government as having the ability to cause physical and or psychologcal dependance.

a detailed description as mandated by the FDA and must be included in the drug packaging.

• 1.Body triggers a exaggerated immune responce to the drug
• 2.Usually after the second exposure to the drug
• 3. may be fatal

a life threatening allergic reaction.

• 1. urticaria [hives]
• 2. Profuse vasodialation
• 3. decrease BP
• 4. increase Pulse
• 5.Respiratory tract edema [ may lead to Bronchioconstriction]
• 6. hypoexmia ( decrease oxygen in blood, may lead to syncope- fanting)
• 7. anxiety

• 1. epinephrine
• 2. oxygen
• 3. anti-histamines

• 1. oral solids
• 2. solutions
• 3. transdermal
• 4. parenteral

• 1. tablets
• 2. capsules
• 3. time released
• 4. gelatin

• 1. syrups
• 2. enemas
• 3. tinctures

• 1. IV soultions
• 2. injections

• 1.should not be administered with milk, antiacids, or other alkaline substances.
• 2. This is because entric-coated agents require the acid envirnment of the stomach to be affective.

with crushing it will alter absorption

suspensions

• 1. suspensions
• 2. emulsions

Everything must be sterilized before administered to the patient

proper storage

skin intregrety for rashes or open areas as this can alter the absorption time

to prevent self medication

product insert

• 1. the right drug
• 2. in the right dose
• 3. to the right client
• 4. at the right time
• 5. by the right route
• 6. right documentation
• 7. clients right to refuse
• 8. always check for allergies

• 1. BP
• 2. Pulse
• 3. respiration

the study of how drugs are liberated, absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted

release

• 1. stomach acid
• 2. blood

• 1. pH
• 2. other drugs taken

process by which drug gets to site is meant to act on.

SQ->IM->IV

• 1. plasma proteins (albumin)
• 2. "unbound"

how fast a drug is metabolized

kidney

liver

process of removing drug or its metabolites from the body

• 1. breast milk
• 2. salivia
• 3. feces
• 4. sweat
• 5. urine (USUALLY)

• 1. become toxic to them.
• 2. may need lower dose or alternate treatment

• 1. certain drugs "potentiate" other drugs
• 2. certain drugs "anatagonize" other drugs
• 3. cerrtain drugs may be toxic when given together
• 4. A. OTC drugs
• B. vitamins
• C. alcohol
• may interact with other drugs

mix with food, give in liquid form

of each

freely, as desired

before meals

twice a day

with

capsules

deciliter

elixir

extract

gram

grain

drop (s)

hour

at bedtime or hour of sleep

intradermal

intramuscularly

by injection

intravenously

intravenous piggyback

kilogram

keep vein open

liter

micrograms

milliequivalents

milligram

milliliter

nasogastric tube

in the right eye

on call to operating room

in the left eye

everyday or once a day

both eyes

after

after meals

by mouth

as the occasion arises, as needed or requested

every

every hour

every # hours

a sufficient quantity

four times a day

without

subcutaneously

sublingually

solution

one-half

immediately

suspension

tablet

3 times a day

total parenteral nutrition

tincture

teaspoon

• 1. U (unit)
• 2. IU (international unit)
• 3. Q.D., q.d., qd (daily)
• 4. Q.O.D., QOD, q.o.d., qod (every other day)
• 5. Trailing zero (X.0 mg)
• 6. lack of leading zero (.X mg)
• 7. MS (morphine sulfate or magnesium sulfate)
• 8. > (greater than)
• 9. < (less than)
• 10. abbreviations for drug names
• 11. apothecary units
• 12. @
• 13. cc (ml)
• 14. symbol for micrograms

1,000

1

5

• 15 mL
• 1/2 oz

• 1 fluid dram
• 4 mL

1,000

8 + fluid oz

1,000

1+ pints

1,000

1+quarts

30

16

1

1000

2.2

60

15

5

1

1/2

1

1

Stimulus->nociceptors in afferent endings and or tissue injury releases 1. histamine 2. serotonin 3. bradykinin 4. prostaglandins->afferent nerve action potential->perception of pain in creberal cortex->triggers many autonomic and learned responses

Drugs that relieve pain without loss of consciousness

• 1. tend to induce euphoria
• 2. may cause drug dependence
• 3. combine with opiod receptors in CNS to block transmission of pain impulses

• 1. pills
• 2. cough syrups
• 3. injections

• 1. euphoria
• 2. dependence
• 3. lower respirations
• 4. impaired mentation
• 5. decreased BP
• 6. constipation
• 7. dizziness

no

increase dietary fiber and fluid intake unless it opposes it from the patients treatment plan.

• 1. withdrawing the opiod slowly
• 2. use methadone

12 respirations per minute

intravenous naloxone

Different drugs may have the same pain killing effect but doses that are needed are different.

A drug which assists and enhances the actions of another

Tylenol #3, which has acetaminophen helping codeine

A drug which opposes the action of another drug, or reverses it

• 1. aspirin
• 2. acetaminophen
• 3. ibuprofen

• 1. GI bleeding
• 2. decreased clotting
• 3. tinnitus

Because of the risk of reye's syndrome (brain inflammation)

liver

ASA

drugs which reduce fever

ASA

• 1. all are kept under double locks
• 2. Use of all these must be recorded on a special record and the clients record
• 3. Lost or contaminated doses should be signed for by 2 nurses
• 4. Opioid are counted by 2 nurses, one from the oncoming shift and one from the departing shift. Both nurses sign the record
• 5. Must be aware of the hospitals policy for stop time of opioids

Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs

inhibit inflammation caused by RA

• 1. hepatoxicity
• 2. GI irritation
• 3. stomatitis

oral

3.2-6 g daily

• 1. GI distress
• 2. tinnitus

• 1. monitor for GI irritation
• 2. Contraindicated in ASA hypersensitivity, gastric ulcers, GI bleeding
• 3. observe client for ringing in the ears (tinnitus) when large doses are used
• 4. avoid use one week prior to surgery to prevent post operative bleeding
• 5.so not igve 2 clients on a anticoagulant because the action of the anticoagulants will be increased
• 6. monitor bleeding times

oral

it is 300mg 4x a day or 400-800mg 3 or 4 times daily

• 1. GI distress
• 2. diziness
• 3. headache
• 4. drowsiness
• 5. tinnitus

• 1. monitor client fir visual changes
• 2. available in non prescription form as advil, haltran, nuprin.
• 3. monitor for GI irritation

• 1. give with food or milk
• 2. monitor for GI bleeding/ stomach upset/ulcers
• 3. stop 1-2 weeks
• 4. stop 1-2 weeks prior to surgery as ordered by doctor
• 5. do not take with anticoagulants
• 6. watch labs for bleeding times/ for signs of bruising

synthetic or natural steroid drugs for reducing inflammation

• 1. gastric ulceration
• 2. suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system
• 3. hypertension
• 4. changes in location of body fat deposits

• 1. gastrointestinal bleeding
• 2. weight gain

blood glucose evelations

overly stress the joints

• 1. carry ID and info on their treatment
• 2. continue therapy
• 3. not to share meds
• 4. contact health care professional whenever they are under unusual stress

• 1. hypotension
• 2. restlessness
• 3. weakness
• 4. lethargy
• 5. headache
• 6. dehydration
• 7. nausea
• 8. vomiting and/or 9. diarrhea

• 1. sodium restriction
• 2. encouraging intake of Ca (because of risk to osteoporosis)
• 3. K supplements

early in the day to avoid insomnia

• 1. decreased immune function
• 2. increased blood glucose
• 3. weight gain
• 4. water retention (edema)
• 5. depression/mood swings
• 6. moon face
• 1. hypokalemia

wean off gradual because of bodies reliance to them.

• 1. allergies
• 2. auto-immune diseases
• 3. certain cancers
• 4. skin eruptions (non-bacterial)

increases uric acid levels in blood (hyperuricemia)

• 1. gouty arthritis
• 2. tophi crystal deposits in joints

• 1. protein metabolism
• 2. kidneys

• 1. NSAIDs (reduce inflammation)
• 2. Prednisone:corticosteroid (reduces inflammation)
• 3. Colchicine (to alter body's response to deposits of uric acid crystals)
• 4. Allopurinol (to reduce body production of uric acid once the acute attack has passed)

• 1. anchovies
• 2. bacon
• 3. beer
• 4. codfish
• 5. goose
• 6. haddock
• 7. herring
• 8. mackerel
• 9. mussels
• 10. organ meats (liver, kidneys)
• 11. salmon
• 12. sardines
• 13. scallops
• 14. smelts
• 15. trout
• 16. turkey
• 17. veal
• 18. venison

1cm

1g

1m

1kg

30 cc or 1 oz

5 ml

3 tsp and 1 tbsp

before noon

aqueous (water)

aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)

inside the cheek

centimeter

compound

day

discontinue

dilute

5% dextrose in water

double strength

enteric coated

fluid

left

long acting

mixture

nothing by mouth

do not refill

normal saline (.9% sodium chloride)

mouth

over-the-counter

ounce

by, through

after noon

every morning

ointment

United States pharmacopeia

quantity not sufficient

quart

right

by rectum

treatment, prescription

sublingually

sustained release

syrup

suppository

vaginal

multiply, times

except

tablespoon

teaspoon

tablet

tincture

as directed