IVfluids

• 0.45% Sodium Chloride ½NS
• Hypotonic pH 5.6
• USE: hypotonic hydration; replace sodium and chloride; hyperosmolar diabetes

COMPLICATIONS: if too much is mixed with blood cells during transfusions, the cells will pull water into them and rupture

• Isotonic pH 5.7
• USE: isotonic hydration; replace sodium and chloride; alkalosis; blood transfusions (will not hemolyze blood cells)

• COMPLICATIONS:
• None known

• Hypertonic pH 5.0, 5.8
• USE: symptomatic hyponatremia due to excessive sweating, vomiting, renal impairment, and excessive water intake
• COMPLICATIONS: rapid or continuous infusion can result in hypernatremia or hyperchloremia

• Isotonic pH 5.0
• USE:
• isotonic hydration; provides some calories
• COMPLICATIONS:
• water intoxication and dilution of body's electrolytes with long,
• continuous infusions

• Hypertonic
• pH 4.3
• USE:
• may be infused peripherally; hypertonic
• hydration; provides some calories
• COMPLICATIONS:
• water intoxication and dilution of body's electrolytes with long,
• continuous infusions

• Hypertonic pH 4.4
• USE:
• fluid replacement; replacement of sodium, chloride and some calories
• COMPLICATIONS:
• vein irritation because of acidic pH, causes agglomeration (clustering) if used with blood transfusions; hyperglycemia with rapid infusion leading to osmotic diuresis

• Isotonic PH 6.6
• USE:
• isotonic hydration; replace electrolytes and extra-cellular
• fluid losses; mild to moderate acidosis (the lactate is metabolized
• into bicarbonate which counteracts the acidosis)
• COMPLICATIONS:
• not enough electrolytes for maintenance; patients with hepatic diseasehave trouble metabolizing the lactate; do not use if lactic acidosis is present

• Hypertonic PH 4,9
• USE:hypertonic hydration; provides some calories; replace electrolytes and extra-cellular fluid losses; mild to moderate acidosis (the lactate is metabolized into bicarbonate which counteracts the acidosis), the dextrose minimizes glycogen depletion
• COMPLICATIONS:
• not enough electrolytes for maintenance; patients with hepatic disease have trouble metabolizing the lactate; do not use if lactic
• acidosis is present

• Isotonic pH 5.8
• USE:
• electrolyte replacement; hydration; often used to replace extracellular fluid losses
• COMPLICATIONS:
• rapid administration leads to excessive introduction of electrolytes and leads to fluid overload and congestive conditions; provides no
• calories and is not an adequate maintenance solution if abnormal
• fluid losses are present

• Hypertonic pH 4.4
• USE:
• hypertonic fluid replacement; replacement of sodium, chloride and some calories
• COMPLICATIONS:
• vein irritation because of acidic pH, causes agglomeration (clustering) if used with blood transfusions; hyperglycemia with rapid infusion leading to osmotic diuresis