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What is Plummer-Vinson syndrome, what is it associated with?
- Esophageal webs, glossitis, iron deficiency anemia
- Esophageal cancer.
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What is Tylosis?
- Only genetic predisposition to esophageal cancer
- Mutation in chromosome 17
- hyperkeratosis of palms and feet.
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What is the pathology of esophageal cancers?
- Squamous cell carcinoma in upper 2/3
- Adenocarcinoma in distal 1/3.
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What is the most common presenting complaint for esophageal cancer?
- Dysphagia
- Odynophagia is a poor prognostic factor.
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How is esophageal cancer diagnosed?
Upper endoscopy.
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What is the predominant pathology in pancreatic cancer, in what part of the pancreas?
- Adenocarcinoma 95%
- 2/3 in pancreatic head, rest in body and tail.
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What is whipple procedure, when is it done?
- Removal of head of pancreas, antrum of stomach, gall bladder, 1st and 2nd portions of duodenum
- When there is a resectable pancreatic mass.
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Out of all Colorectal cancers, what percentage had an average risk (non-hereditary/inflammatory)?
- 75%
- Reason for widespread screening.
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Colorectal cancer is preventable, what are four screening methods?
Sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy/polypectomy, barium enema, fecal occult blood testing.
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What are the colorectal cancer screening recommendations for people of average risk?
Colonoscopy every 10 yrs starting at age 50.
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What are the four stages of Colorectal cancer?
- 1: Tumor does not penetrate full thickness of bowel wall
- 2: Tumor penetrates full thickness of bowel wall
- 3: Tumor spread to local lymph nodes
- 4: Tumor spread to other organs.
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At what stage of colorectal cancer is chemotherapy recommended?
Stages 3 and 4 -- not standard for stage 2.
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What is a risk factor for anal cancer, who is at higher risk?
- Anal receptive intercourse
- Women.
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What are some symptoms of anal cancer?
Pain, bleeding, tenesmus, feeling a mass.
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What is the pathology of anal cancers?
Most are Squamous cell carcinomas.
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