-
What is a joint?
Joint, articulation and arthrosis refer to point of union b/w two or more rigid components
-
Joint classification by structure
- Fibrous: fibrous tissue
- cartilagenous: Hyalin or fibrous
- Synovial:articular cavity w/ synovial fluid
-
Joint classification by movement
- synarthrosis: immobile
- Amphiarthrosis: slightly movable
- Diarthrosis: movable joints
-
Fibrous Joints
- -synarthrosis in which neighboring bones joined together by dense irregular CT
- Eg:
- sutures
- syndesmoses:
interosseous membrane (found b/w paired long bones of forearm and leg) - Gomphosis: teeth anchored in bone
-
Cartilaginous joints
- -synarthrosis or amphiarthrosis where adjacent bones are held together by solid CT mass composed of:
- synchondrosis: hyaline cartilage (eg epiphyseal plates of long bones, sternocoastal joints)
- Symphysis: fibrocartilage (discs, pubic symphysis)
-
Synovial Joints
- -movable
- -all synovial joints are diarthrosis
- -joint capsule surrounding lubricated synovial cavity which connect articualting bones
-
Bursae
fluid filled sac like structures to reduce friction b/w adjacent tissues
-
Joints of the body
- -shoulder joint
- -elbow joint
- -hip joint
- -knee joint
- -ankle joint
-
Temperomandibular joint
- -formed from condylar process, mandibular fossa and articular tubercle
- Antomical Components: articualar disk,
- articular capsule
- lateral ligament
- sphenomandibular ligament
- Moevments:elevation/depression
- protraction/retraction
-
Shoulder Joint: Ball and Socket joint
- -formed from head of humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula
- Anatomical components: aricular cartialge
- coracohumeral, glenohumeral & transverse humeral ligaments
- glenoid labrum
- Bursae
- Movements: flexion/extension
- adduction/abduction
- circumduction
-
Elbow Joint
- -formed from humeral trochlea and capitulum, trochlear notch fo ulna and head of radius
- Anatomical Components:articular capsule
- ulnar and radial collateral ligaments
- Movements: flexion/ extension
-
Hip Joint: Ball and Socket joint
- -formed by head of femur and accetabulum of hip
- Anatomical Components:Aricular Capsule
- ileofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral, intracapsular and transverse ligaments
- acetbular labrum
- Movements: flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, circumduction, lateral/medial roatation
-
Knee Joint
- -formed byfemoral and tibial condyle and patella
- Anatomical Components:articular capsule
- medial and lateral patellar retinacula
- several ligaments (7), menisci (2), bursae (3)
- Movements: flexion/extension, slight medial/lateral rotation
-
Ankle Joint
- -fored from articulations among thelateral and medial malleoli, and the talus.
- Anatomical Components: articular capsule
- deltoid and lateral ligaments
- Movements: dorsiflexion/ plantar flexion
|
|
