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Skeletal cartilage
- no blood vessels or nerves
- Dense connective tissue girdle of perichondrium
- contains blood vessels for nutrient delivery to cartilage
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Skeletal Cartilages
Hyaline cartilages
- Provide support, flexibility, and resilience
- Most abundant type
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Skeletal Cartilages
Elastic cartilages
- Similar to hyaline cartilages, but contain elastic
- fibers
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Skeletal Cartilages
Fibrocartilages
Collagen fibers—have great tensile strength
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Growth of Cartilage
Appositional
Appositional
- Cells secrete matrix against
- the external face of existing cartilage
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Growth of Cartilage
Interstitial
- Chondrocytes divide and
- secrete new matrix, expanding cartilage from within
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Bones of the Skeleton
Two main groups, by location
- Axial skeleton
- Appendicular skeleton
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Classification of Bones by Shape
- Long bones,
- Longer than they are wide
- Short bones,
- Cube-shaped bones (in wrist and ankle)
- Sesamoid bones (within tendons, e.g., patella)
- Flat bones,
- Thin, flat, slightly curved
- Irregular bones,
- Complicated shapes
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Functions of Bones
- 1. Support
- For the body and soft organs
- 2. Protection
- For brain, spinal cord, and vital organs
- 3. Movement
- Levers for muscle action
- 4. Minerals (calcium and phosphorus) and growth
- factors
- 5. Blood cell formation (hematopoiesis) in marrow
- cavities
- 6. Triglyceride (energy) storage in bone cavities
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