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surface area of lungs
- high for gas exchange
- each lung has the surface area of the size of a singles tennis court
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alveoli
- surrounded by blood vessels branching from the pulmonary artery
- CO2 dropped off and H2O is picked up by blood
- 300 million in each lung
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pharynx
- nasopharynx
- oropharynx
- laryngopharynx
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larynx
- voice box
- air rushes past vocal chords allowing for speech
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epiglottis
closes off trachea during swallowing
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secondary bronchi
- lobes
- 3 in right lung
- 2 in left lung
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diaphragm
muscle that contracts to expand the thoracic cavity and draw air into the lungs
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phren/o
root word for diaphragm
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lung functions
- bring in O2 rich air
- expel CO2 into atmosphere
- allows for speech
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mucous membrane
lines respiratory system and secretes mucus to protect from infection by foreign bodies
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pleurae
membranes surrounding lungs
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parietal pleurae
outer layer
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visceral pleurae
inner layer
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intrapleural space
- space between pleurae
- pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure
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pneumothorax
- accumulation of air in intrapleural space
- can be spontaneous or traumatic
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external respiration
exchange of air from inside of body with outside
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internal respiration
- cellular exchange with air from lungs
- the red blood cells exchange CO2 and H2O
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tachypnea
rapid breathing
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bradypnea
- abnormally slow breathing
- often seen in brain injury patients
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orthopnea
- positional breathing
- ie must sit or stand to breathe
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apnea
no breathing for a period of time
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hypoxia
- low blood O2 levels
- occurs in apnea goes on for too long
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-ptysis
coughing up a chest secretion
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hemoptysis
coughing up blood
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URI
- upper respiratory infection
- caused by a virus
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pneumonia
- fluid build-up in the lungs
- caused by chemical exposure, virus, bacteria, fungus
- 7th most common cause of death in US
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rales
rattles due to mucus build up
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rhorchi
- wheezing due to infection, mucus build up
- common with asthma
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bronchitis
- inflammation of the bronci
- can be acute or chronic
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acute bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchi caused by infection by virus or bacteria
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asthma
airways are hyperreactive
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chronic bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchi caused by asthma or COPD
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COPD
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- 4th most common cause of death in US
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emphysema
- a type of COPD
- caused by smoking
- breakdown of walls of alveoli, reducing surface area for gas exchange to occur
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antipyretic drugs
fever reducers (tylenol/acetamenaphin)
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-phagia
swallowing / eating
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dysphonia
impairment of speech
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pharyngitis
- sore throat
- inflammation of the pharynx
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tracheotomy
incision into the trachea
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tracheostomy
forming an opening in the trachea and inserting a tube for airflow
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thoracentesis
surgical puncture of the thoracic cavity to withdraw fluid
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pleural effusion
liquid produced by pleurae that can compress lungs and prevent breathing
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mesothelioma
lung cancer caused by asbestos exposure
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pneumonectomy
surgical removal of a lung
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lobectomy
removal of 1 or more lung lobes
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DVT
- deep vein thrombosis
- clot that forms in deep veins of legs and may cause a pulmonary embolism
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pulmonary embolism
blood clot that lodges in the lungs
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