-
memory
an active system that recieves information from the senses, puts that information into a usable form and organizes it as it stores it away, and then retrieves the information from storage
-
thinking (cognition)
mental activity that goes on in the brain when a person is organizing & attempting to understand information & communicating information to others.
-
concepts
ideas that represent a class or catagory of objects, events or activities
-
problem solving
process of cognition that occurs when a goal must be reached by thinking & behaving in certain ways
-
trial & error
problem solving method in which one possible solution after another is tried until a successful one is found
-
algorithms
very specific, step-by-step procedures for solving certain types of problems
-
heuristic
an educated guess based on prior experiences that helps narrow down the possible solutions for a problem. Also known as "rule of thumb"
-
convergent thinking
thinking in which a problem is seen as having only one answer, and all lines of thinking will eventually lead to that single answer, using previous knowledge and logic
-
divergernt thinking
type of thinking in which a person starts from one point & comes up with many different ideas or possibilities based on that point
-
symantics
the rules for determining the meaning of words & sentences
-
phonemes
the basic units of sound in language
-
morphemes
the smallest units of meaning within a language
-
syntax
the system of rules for combingin words & phrases to form grammatically correct sentences
-
linguistic relativity hypothesis
the theory that thought processes & concepts are controlled by language
-
grammer
the system of rules governing the structure & use of language
-
intellegience
the ability to learn from ones experience, acquire knowledge, and use resources effectively in adapting to new situations or solving problems
-
reliability
the tendency of a test to produce the same scores again and again each time it is given to the same people
-
validity
the degree to which a test actually measures what its suppose to measure
-
properly normed
a distribution in which the scores are the most frequent around the mean, or average and becomes less and less frequent the further from the mean they occur
-
Wechsler scales
series of tests designed for specific age groups. They each have VERBAL nad PERFORMANCE skill (most accurate) (helps diagnose peoblems in children)
-
standardization of tests
the process of giving the test to a large group of people that represents the kind of people for whom the test was designed
-
bell curve
alternate name for the normal curve which is said to be shaped like a bell
-
developmentally delayed (mentally retarded)
that their behavior & cognitive skills exist at an earlier developmental stage than the skills of others who are the same chronological age
-
Very superior IQ's (gifted)
about 2% of the population falling on the upper end of the normal curve & typically possessing an IQ of 130 or above
|
|