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Why did Radical and Moderate Republicans form an alliance against President Johnson?
President Johnson vetoed Freedman Bureau Bill and Civil Rights Act of 1866
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The Constitutional Amendment that was intended to provide protection for black voters
15th Amendments
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Why was the election of 1876 unusual?
Hayes was decided a by process other than the electoral college or House of Representatives
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The 13th Amendment..
Abolished Slavery
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Under President Johnson's reconstruction policies, what happened by the end of 1865?
Former Confederate officials and generals were elected to serve in Congress
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Freedman's Bureau
Designed to aid the former slaves and war refugees to adjust to life after Civil War
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Carpetbaggers
Former Union soldiers who hoped to buy land, open factories, build railroads, or enjoy warmer climate in South
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Why was President Johnson impeached?
Tried to fire Sec. of War Edwind Staton in violation of Tenure of Office Act
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The intention of the 14th Amendment
to protect the citizenship of males
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Why did black suffrage divide the women's rights movement?
Some advocates of women's rights refused to support black suffrage without similar guarentees of women's suffrage
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Purpose of the Enforcement Acts
Attempt to curve vigilante violence and protect black voters
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"Black Codes"
Laws passed by Southern state legislatures to restrict freedom of blacks
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The pillar of authority in the southern black community after the Civil War
Black ministers
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Scalawags
White Southerners who supported Republicans
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The role of blacks in the Southern governments established under Congressional Reconstruction
No black governors were elected and only two black Senators
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Why was the Klu Klux Klan established after Civil War?
To pressure the North to end military occupation of South
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The 2 main woman's suffrage organizations in the late 19th century
- -American Women Suffrage Association
- -National Women's Suffrage Association
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"Grantism"
Represents government corruption
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Civil Rights Cases of 1883
States not individuals were prohibited from discriminating under 14th Amendment
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Under the sharecropping system what did poor farmers do?
Rented land from large land owners in exchange for half the crop
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The Slaughterhouse cases of 1873
THe 14th Amendment only protected the basic rights of national citizenship but not through state citizenship
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What was suggested by the election of Ulysses S. Grant in 1868?
Republicans needed the newly enfranchised Southern freedmen to ensure National victories
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Howard, Atlanta, and Fisk Universities and Hampton Institute...
were prodominately black institutions founded after Civil War
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Wounded Knee
Massacre of Indians in 1890
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Dawes Severalty Act 1887
Underminded tribal bonds by treating Indians as individuals
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Desert Land Act
Allowed Western ranchers to acquire 640 acres for $1.25/acre
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Ghost Dance
A cycle of ritual songs and dance steps designed to bring about destruction of European Americans and the removal of their land
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What did the Treaty of Ft. Laramine lead to?
Establishment of the Great Sioux Reservation in South Dakota
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The purpose of General Custer in bringing his troops to the Black Hills of South Dakota
Drive Indians out
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Nat Love and Bose Ikard were..
Black Cowboys
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Homestead Act
Offered 160 acres of land to any settler who would pay $10 fee and live on land for 5 years and cultivate it
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What did Fort Laramine Treaty require?
Required Northern Plains Indians to move to a reservation in South Dakota.
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Frontier communities
Cooperation among neighbors as a form of insurance on rugid enviroment
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What happened to Virginia City, Nevada after the discovery of the Comstock Lode?
Orgy of speculation and building
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Oklahoma and South Dakota
Where federal government attempted to confine all Plains Indians in later half of the 19th century
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Frederick Jackson Turner
Historian who put forth thesis that the frontier was key to American character
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Oklahoma Land rush of 1889
Thousands of settlers rushed into Oklahoma on April 22, 1889 to claim homesteads
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"Buffalo Bill" Cody Wild West Show
Presented mock battles of Army scouts and Indians and portrayed good and evil
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Helen Hunt Jackson
Rebuked government for constantly breaking treaty with Indians
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The reason for violent clashes between cattle ranchers and farmers during the late 19th century
Farmers used barbed wire to keep roaming livestock from roaming on crops
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The Curtis Act 1898
Dissolved Indian territory and abolished tribal governments
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19th century conservation movement
Attempted to educate the public on destruction of enviroment
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Why was the Interstate Commerce Commission established?
Investigate and oversee railroad activites
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John Muir
Through his efforts to protect wilderness Yosemite National Park and Sierra Club were founded
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Canadian Klondike
Where gold was discovered which led Settlers to Alaska and established territorial governments
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What did mining, cattle ranching, and wheat farming have in common?
All had boom and bust cycles
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The magnetic telegraph
Used by railroads after Civil War to coordinate their complex flow of railcars
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Henry Grady
Advocated diversifying the economy and expanding industrial production in South
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Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Outlawed monopolies and trusts that fixed prices in restraint of trade
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John D. Rockefeller
Founded Standard Oil
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How did James Duke influence American society in the late 19th century?
Offered trading cards and prizes to target young men to persuade them to smoke
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Where did Andrew Carnegie learn many of his successful management methods he used in steel?
He worked for Pennsylvania Railroad
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The effect of industrialization on skilled craftsmen
Subdividing manufacturer of product into smaller jobs meant individual no longer produced whole product
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Late 19th century child labor
Mainly in coal mines or Cotton mills
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Who supported the New South Creed?
The industrialist who believed the South's natural resources and cheap labor made it a natural site for development
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The results of rapid industrial development of the US between 1860 and 900
Economy dominated by corporations
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How were southern cotton mills different from northern cotton mills in the 1880s?
Southern mills located in countryside rather than cities
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What did Karl Marx argue?
Capitalists would bring own destruction by driving impoverish workers to revolt
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Chinese immigrants
bore the blunt of labor hostilities in 1870s and 1880s
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The result of the Haymarket Square bombing in 1886
Intensified hatred toward labor unions
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The Piedmont
Runs from Va to Al
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How did Horatio Alger influence American society?
By propogading idea of rags to riches
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The reason women joined the work force in growing numbers in the late 19th century
Changes to agriculture brought young farm women into industrial force and immigrant daughter to support families
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2,000 killed and 20,000 injured
The number ICC says were killed or injured on railroads in 1889.
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Charles Sumner
the leader of the Radical Republicans in the US Senate during Reconstruction
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Thaddeus Stevens
the leader of the Radical Republicans in the House of Representatives during Reconstruction
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Andrew Johnson
became President after Lincoln was assassinated in 1865
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Tenure of Office Act 1867
prohibited the president from removing civil officers without Senate consent
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Susan B. Anthony
one of the leading supporters of women's suffrage after the Civil War
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Ulysses S. Grant
was elected President of the US in 1868
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William H. Seward
Sec. of State who bought Alaska from Russia in 1867
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Panic of 1873
was the start of a severe 5 year financial depression
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"Exodusters"
the name given to African-Americans who moved from the South to Kansas in the 1870s
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Sitting Bull
powerful leader and holy man of the Lakota Sioux
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George Armstrong Custer
7th Calvary commander who was defeated by Cheyenne and Sioux warriors lead by Sitting Bull at the Battle of Little Big Horn in June 1876
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Promontory Point, Utah
where the Union and Pacific railroads met in 1869 to complete the Transcontinental Railroad
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Bringham Young
leader of the Mormons who settled in Utah
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Dime Novels
stories which presented the American West as a place of escape from society and as a stage on which moral conflicts confronting society were played out
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Owen Wister
author of the "Virginian", which portrayed the American cowboy as a hero who was honest, strong, and compassionate
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John Wesley Powell
he urged Congress to establish controls of watersheds, irrigation, and public lands in the West in the 1870s
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Yellowstone
first NationalPark established in 1872
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Edmunds-Tucker Act
dissolved the Mormon Church corporation, limited the church's assets to $50,000, abolished woman's right to vote, and put its property and funds into receivership
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J. Pierpont Morgan
one of the leading investment bankers in the US in the late 19th century
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Vertical integration
means controlling all aspects of manufacturing, from the raw materials to selling the finished product
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Alexander Graham Bell
invented the telephone
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William Sylvis
founded national Labor Union in 1866
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Samuel Gompers
became the leader of the American Federation of Labor in 1886
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laissez-faire
means a "hands-off" attitude
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William Graham Sumner
founded the movement that became known as Social Darwinism
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George Westinghouse
used the idea of alternating current to send high voltage electricity efficently over long distances
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Name the 4 main provisions of the 14th Amendment
- 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States were citizens of the nation and of their states and no state could abridge their rights without due process of law or deny them equal protection of the law.
- 2. If a state denied suffrage to any of its male citizens, its representation in Congress would be reduced
- 3. It disqualified from state and national office all prewar officeholders who had supported the Confederacy
- 4. It repudiated the Confederate debt and upheld the validity of the Federal debt
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Name the 6 main features that dominated the world of large scale manufacturing after the Civil War
- 1. The exploitation of immense coal deposits as a source of cheap energy
- 2. The rapid spread of technological innovation in communication, transportation, and factory systems.
- 3. The demand for workers who could be carefully controlled
- 4. The constant pressure of firms to compete tooth-and-nail by cutting costs and prices, eliminating rivals, and creating monopolies
- 5. The relentless drop in prices
- 6. The failure of the money supply to keep pace with productivity which drove up interest rates and restricted credit
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Name 5 procedures that the Democrats used to "Redeem" or regain their power in the South during the 1870s
- 1. They called Constitutional conventions to reverse Republican policies
- 2. They used the law to ensure a stable black force
- 3. State courts limited the rights of sharecroppers and tenants
- 4. They rewrote criminal law
- 5. Local ordinances curtailed freedmen's everyday activities such as hunting, fishing, gun carrying
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Name 5 procedures that the Democrats used to "Redeem" or to regain their power in the Southduring the 1970s
- 1. They called Constitutional conventions to reverse Republican policies
- 2. They used the law to ensure a stable black labor force
- 3. State courts limited the rights of sharecroppers and tenants
- 4. They rewrote criminal law
- 5. Local ordinances curtailed freedmen's everyday activities such as hunting, fishing, and gun carrying
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