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Types of Research
- Formal
- Basic
- Applied
- Developmental
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Branch of statistics that applies statistical methods to medical and biological phenomena
Biostatistics
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Statistics
Methods and procedures that researchers apply to understand data
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The general field of disciplined investigation
Research
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Research
- The general field of disciplined investigation
- Systematic approach to identify relationships of variables representing concepts AND/OR determining differences between or among groups in their standing on one or more variables of interest
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Type of research to refers to math and logic; no practical application
Formal
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Type of research which objective is to clarify the theory
Formal Research
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Type of research that gathers data; has no practical application and develops new theories
Basic Research
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Type of research that applies a model or theory to the environment
Applied Research
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Type of research that develops a project. It can be theory driven, but does not result in a new theory
Development Research
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Where can you find a research topic? (4)
- Self-analysis
- Interview expert
- Literature review
- Reference list
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Components of a research project report (10)
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Objective
- Methods
- Results
- Discussion
- Limitations
- Conclusion
- References
- Apendices
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Two major components of introduction
- Statement of the problem
- Literature review
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Label for an abstract idea or set of objects or events that share common characteristics and a common name
Concept
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Contructs
Highly abstracts concepts
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Examples of constructs
- Anxiety
- Ego Strength
- Leadership
- Self-concept
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Representation of reality
Model
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Representation or replica of a complex phenomenon typically communicated in a visual format
Model
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Paradigma
A set of assumptions, concepts, values and practices that constitutes a way of viewing reality
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Types of research variables
- Dependent
- Independent
- Confounding
- Attribute
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Which variable is “the response, behavior or outcome that the researcher wants to predict or
explain”?
Dependent variable
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Which variable is the “stimulus or activity which is manipulated or varied by the researcher
to create an effect on the dependent variable”?
Independent variable
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Independent variable can also be called
treatment OR experiment variable
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Data
Information in numerical form that represents a certain characteristic of a group of individuals.
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Qualities, properties and/or characteristics identified in research problems that are to be identified, described and measured in a study
Research variables
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Research variable also called effective variable or criterion measure
Dependent variable
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Which variable can affect the measurement of the study variables & examination of the relationships within a study?
Confounding variable aka extraneous or uncontrolled variable
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Which variable consists of characteristics or elements of the human subject that are collected to describe the sample?
Attribute variables aka demographic variables
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Process that involves the development of conceptual definition and operational definition
Operationalizing the variables
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Conceptual Definition
Broad, abstract meaning of a concept
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Operational Definition:
Describe how the variable will be measured
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Statistics categories
- Descriptive Statistics
- Inferential Statistics
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Define descriptive statistics
Used to classify and summarize numerical data
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Define inferential statistics
Procedures for making generalizations about a population by studying a sample from that population
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The characteristics of a population are called...
Parameters (represented with Greek letters)
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The characteristics of a sample are called...
Estimates (represented with Roman letters)
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