Abnormal Psychology

Which of these is the best definition of theory?
a. A theory is a set of ideas that tentatively bridges the gap between normal and abnormal behaviors.
b. A theory is a set of ideas that relate only to observed behaviors.
c. A theory is a set of ideas that tests abnormality.
d. A theory is a set of ideas that provides a framework for asking questions about and gathering and interpreting information about a phenomenon.

a. A theory is a set of ideas that provides a framework for asking questions about and gathering and interpreting information about a phenomenon.

Albert Ellis’s approach to abnormal behavior is based on a __________ perspective.
a. behavioral
b. psychological
c. cognitive
d. humanistic

B. psychological

The integration of biological, psychological, and social approaches to abnormalityis referred to as the ___________.
a. vulnerability-stress model
b. stress and diathesis model
c. biological-stress model
d. stress-anxiety model

a. vulnerability-stress model

Which is not a biological approach to abnormality?
A. structural damage to the brain
B. biochemical imbalance
C. genetic abnormalities
D. poor physiological responses

The psychoanalytic approach to personality and treatment of psychopathology was developed by _____________.
A. Adler
B. Horney
C. Mesmer
D. Freud

The force that seeks to gratify wishes in appropriate ways is called the __________.
A. ego
B. primary process
C. superego
D. id

The physiologist whose study of conditioned responses formed the basis of behavioral psychology was ____________.
A. B. F. Skinner
B. Edward Thorndike
C. Ivan Pavlov
D. John Watson

The psychologist who is most strongly associated with operant conditioning is ____________.
A. Ivan Pavlov
B. John Watson
C. Edward Thorndike
D. B. F. Skinner

When a behavior is eliminated, this process is called ___________.

A. removal
B. disappearance
C. vanishing
D. extinction

The idea that humans construct meaning out of their experiences and act in accordance with their interpretations of the world is based on ___________ theory.
A. psychodynamic
B. cognitive
C. humanistic
D. behavioral

Which of the following is not a biological treatment for mental disorders?
A. magnetic resonance imaging
B. electroconvulsive therapy
C. transcranial magnetic stimulation
D. psychosurgery

St. John’s Wort was originally thought to be useful in treating which psychological disorder?
A. panic
B. depression
C. anxiety
D. obsessive-compulsive

Electroconvulsive therapy was originally designed to treat which mental disorder?
A. schizophrenia
B. obsessive-compulsive disorder
C. generalized anxiety disorder
D. panic disorder without agoraphobia

Which of these is a Freudian therapeutic technique?
A. withdrawal
B. free association
C. reinforcementdesensitization

Carl Rogers developed _____________.
A. rational-emotive therapy
B. cognitive therapy
C. behavioral therapy
D. client-centered therapy

The therapist acts out a situation with the client to assess what aspects of the client’s behavior may need changing. This acting scenario is known as ____________.
A. role participation
B. role play
C. role action
D. role interaction

Clients who are encouraged to experience their feared stimuli directly instead of just imagining it are engaging in a(n) ______________.
A. desensitization experience
B. recommended reinforcement
C. implosive therapy
D. in vivo exposure

______________ focus(es) on challenging individual’s maladaptive ways of thinking and interpreting events.
A. Cognitive therapies
B. Interpersonal therapies
C. Humanistic therapies
D. Family systems therapies

Which of these is not a goal of cognitive therapy?
A. help clients face their worst fears and recognize ways to cope
B. teach clients to challenge irrational or maladaptive thoughts
C. help clients lean problem-solving techniques
D. extinguish maladaptive behaviors

Stopping the development of psychopathology before it turns into a full-blown mental disorder is called __________.
A. secondary prevention
B. primary prevention
C. preventative measure
D. treatment prevention

The steps that researchers use to obtain and evaluate information in a systematic way are called the __________.
A. scientific acquisition
B. scientific scrutiny
C. scientific method
D. scientific inquiry

A hypothesis is a/an __________.
A. testable statement
B. unquestionable statement
C. analytical statementsystematic statement

The expectation that there is no relationship between phenomena is called the ___________.
A. latent hypothesis
B. null hypothesis
C. zero hypothesis
D. signal hypothesis

A factor or characteristic that can vary within an individual or between individuals is known as a ____________.
A. operational definition
B. hypothesis
C. null hypothesis
D. variable

When the conclusions made on the basis of a case study apply to other individuals or groups, this is known as _____________.
A. generalizabililty
B. rationalization
C. operationalization
D. conceptualization

Which of the following is not a type of correlational study?
A. sequential
B. longitudinal
C. cross-sectional
D. group comparison

The correlation coefficient is ___________.
A. a qualitative method of measuring outcomes in a study
B. the themes generated across descriptive research
C. the number of participants that were randomly assigned to the experimental group
D. a statistical method of measuring the relationship between variables

Statistical significance represents ___________.
A. the correlational coefficient that supports the hypothesis
B. the quantification of the dependent variable
C. the probability that the results occurred by chance
D. the reference to the relationship between the independent and dependent variables

validity refers to _____________.
A. the extent to which a study’s results can be generalized to phenomena in real life
B. the extent to which the results can be replicated
C. the extent to which the study is quantifiable
D. the extent to which the independent variable is responsible for the results

Which of the following is a major advantage of meta-analysis?
A. operationalization of variables
B. generalization to the population
C. conceptualization of theory
D. removal of investigator bias

The process of gathering information about an individual’s symptoms and background is referred to as ____________.
A. an interview
B. a diagnosis
C. a treatment
D. an assessment

When several diagnoses are possible, the clinician evaluates the gathered information to make a ____________.
A. dual diagnosis
B. single diagnosis
C. multiple diagnosis
D. differential diagnosis

The accuracy of a test in assessing what it is intended to measure is called ___________.
A. constructability
B. reliability
C. validity
D. generalizability

A test that indicates consistency in measuring what it is intended to measure is considered to have ____________.
A. generalizabililty
B. reliability
C. validity
D. constructability

Which of the following is not a neuropsychological test?
A. Bender-Gestalt Test
B. Halstead-Reitan Test
C. computerized tomography
D. Luria-Nebraska Test

Which brain-imaging technique provides information on differences in the activity levels in specific areas of the brains of people with a disorder and people without a disorder?
A. MRI
B. CT
C. X ray
D. PET

____________ tests are used to measure a person’s intellectual strengths and weaknesses.
A. Personality
B. Aptitude
C. Intelligence
D. Projective

According to critics, which of the following groups do intelligence tests favor?
A. middle-class and upper-class educated Asian Americans
B. middle-class African-American educated women
C. middle-class white males only
D. middle-class and upper-class educated European Americans

___________ tests present people with ambiguous stimuli that they must interpret in line with their current concerns and feelings.
A. Objective
B. Subjective
C. Projective
D. Relative

A set of symptoms that occurs together is called a(n) ____________.
A. category
B. assessment
C. classification
D. syndrome