biology ch2 flash.txt

• The subatomic particles that make up atoms are protons neutrons and electrons.
• Protons and neutrons have about the same mass.
• Strong forces bind protons and neutrons together to form the nucleus (center of the atoms)

positively charged particles

carry no charge (neutral particles)

negatively charged particles.

atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain

forms when one or more electrons are transferes from one atom to another.

forms when electrons are shared between atoms.

the structure that results when atoms are joined together by covalent bonds.

the unequal sharing of electrons (when a side of a molecule is positive charged and the other is negative charged)

an atraction between molecules of the same substance.

an attraction between molecules of different substances.

single sugar molecules (include galactose and fructose)

the large macromolecules formed from monosaccharides

individual monomers. Has 3 parts: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogen base

compounds winth an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the onther end. ( Amino acids make up proteins)

energy needed to start a reaction

substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

protein that acts as biological catalyst (speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells) (provides site for reactants to come together and such site reduces the energy needed for the reaction).��