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AAA
American Anthropology Association
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Ethics in Anthropology
Code of Ethics guides anthropoligists research and other professional activites.
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Informed Consent
Agreement to take part in the research, after have being informed, should obtained from anyone who provides information or who might be affected by the research
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Ethonography
research process in which the anthropologist closely observes, records, and engages in daily life of another culture.
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Participant Observation
Taking part in events or observing ,describing, and analyzing
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Key Consultants
provides the most complete or useful information about particular aspects in life
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Field Notes, and Diary
Ehtnographers record their impressions as a personal diary,which is kept seperate from more formal field notes.
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Informants
key consultants, particular area in community life.
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Life Histories
Intimate and personal cultural portrait that would be possible otherwise
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Cultural Consultant
refers to individuals the ethonographer gets to know in the field, the people who teach him or her about their culture, who provide the emic perspective.
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EMIC
approach investigates how locall people think "native viewpoint"
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Etic
- approach shifts the focus from local observations, categories, explanations, and interpretations to those of the anthropolgists.
- -ehtnographer emphasized what they notice and consider important.
- priority given to ethnographers own observations and conclusions.
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interview schedule
the ethnographer talks face to face wih people, asks the questions, and writes down the answers.
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Rapport
good , friendly working relationship based on personal contact, with our hosts.
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genealogical method
well established ethnographic technique.To understand current social relations and to reconstruct history.
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Malinowski
founder of ethonography. Salvage anthro, in the belief that the ethnographer jobis to study and record cultural diversity threatened by Westernization.
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Longitudinal research
- long term study of a community , region, society, culture, or other unit, usually based on repeated visits.
- Longitudinal reserach is often team research
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survey research
involves sampling, impersonal data collection, and statistical analysis. Survery research ususally draws a sample.
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random sample
all members of the population have an equal statistical chance of being chosen for an inclusion
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variables
attributes that vary among members of a sample or population., known to influence political decisions.
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complex socieities
large and populous society with social stratification and central governments.
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adaptive strategies
descirbe a societies system of economic production.
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foraging
was the only human adaptive strategy until the advent of food production 10,00 years ago.
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horticulutre
cultivation that makes intensive use of none of the factors of production:land, labor, capital, machinery.
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agriculture
requires more labor than horticulture does because it is land intensively and continously.
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shifting cultivation
when horticulturists abandon plot because of soil exhaustion or a thick weed cover,they clear another piece of land, and the original plot reverts to forest.The relationship between land and people is not permanent.
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Pastorilists
herders whose people activities focus on such domesticated animals as cattle, sheep, goats,camels,yak, reindeer
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nomadism
everyone moves with the animals throughout the year.
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economy
system of production, distribution, and consumption of resources, economics is the study of such systems.
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means of production
include land, labor, technology
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redistribution
operates when goods, services,or their equivalent more from the local center level to a center.
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reciprocity
exchange between social equals, who are normally related by kinship, marriage, or another close personal tie.
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potlaching
give away food
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aniaml domestication
many agricuturilits use animals as means of production.ex: for transport
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band
small group fewer than a hundred people, all related by kinship or marriage.
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egalatarian
contrasts in prestige are minor and are based on age and gender.
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cohen
talks about adaptive stragtegies
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