-
Secular Ethics
separated from religion – non religious – scientific understanding of the world
-
Non-Theistic
does not focus on the worship of a god or gods
-
Theistic
philosophy that focuses on belief in a god
-
-
culturally entrenched pattern of behavior made of sacred beliefs – emotional feelings accompanying the beliefs. Overt conduct presumably implementing the beliefs and feelings.
-
Values
ethical questions are important in all areas of life, work, social and personal
-
Philosophy
set of values, ideas and opinions of an individual or group, study of moral judgments and rights and wrong conduct.
-
Moral
synonymous with ethical – customs, values and standards of practice of a group, age or theory intended to be timeless.
-
Golden Rule
ethical conduct found in some form in most religions – Do onto others as you would have them do onto you.
-
Ethos-Greek
person’s fundamental orientation toward life. Inner character – Aristotle beliefs.
-
Citizenship
character of an individual viewed as a member of society, behavior in terms of the duties, obligations and functions of a citizen.
-
Culture
abstract patterns of and for the living and dying, which are learned directly and indirectly.
-
Honesty
having a sense of honor, forth right and fair dealing.
-
Integrity
fidelity to moral principles.
-
laws
man made rules and regulations, concerns with acts and conducts, interests of society, externally imposed.
-
Carol Gilligan's Theory
moral judgments on considerations of carrying, look for solutions to serve and maintain relationships, seek needs to both sides. ( A WOMAN WAY OF THINKING)
-
Concerned with acts and conducts
laws
-
Concerned with interest of society
ethics
-
Concerned with the values relation to human conduct
ethics
-
Concerned with motives for and attitudes toward conduct
laws
-
Concerned with interest of society and of the individual
law and ethics
-
-
Internally imposed
ethics
-
Man made rules and regulations to govern society
laws
-
Do unto others as you would have done to you
golden rule
-
Study of moral judgments and right and wrong conduct
philosophy
-
Prescriptions for moral behavior based on
religion
-
What did Aristotle believe separated humans from other creature’s
rationality
-
What is imperfect instrument for a guide to ethical behavior
laws
-
What is ethical ideal
ethics of moderation
-
What three things make up the pattern of behavior seen in religion
overt conduct, emotional feelings, fatih and sacred beliefs
-
Aristotle taught what
secular ethics
-
Where most ethics is rooted
in most major religions
-
Individual considers universal moral principles that supersede the authority of a group
post conventional
-
Moral reasoning is based on reward and punishment from those in authority
post conventional level/ stage 1
-
Moral development in which the expectations of the social group are supported and maintained
conventional level
-
Moral development in which the individual is characterized as not understanding the rules or feeling a sense of obligation to them
(pre moral) pre conventional level/ stage 1
-
Actions evaluated in terms of possible punishment
(pre moral) pre convential level/stage 1
-
Individual always defer to what provides for the greater good
post conventional/stage 5
-
Begin to internalize parental, societal values
conventional level/ stage 3
-
Individual considers the law and rules of society along with their own self chosen standards of justice and respect for human dignity
conventional level/ stage 6
-
Individual feels the need to do ones duty
conventional level/ stage 4
-
individual thinks in terms of rights of others, the general welfare of the community, duty to conform to the laws and standards established by the will of the majority
post conventional level/ stage 5
-
Individual’s behavior directed by self chosen ethical principles that tend to be general, comprehensive or universal
post conventional level/ stage 6
-
which pleases others in the immediate group
conventional level/stage 3
-
high value placed on justice, dignity and equality
post conventional level/ stage 6
-
concern about others only in regards to what benefits an individual can gain
stage 2
-
emphasis on being nice
conventional level/ stage 3
-
emphasis on upholding law, order, and authority conventional level
stage 4
-
no internalization of values
stage 2
-
Kohlberg stage of Moral Development
- Believed people develop ethical standards of living through stages or moral development during their lives, thinking and learning:
- Pre-Conventional Level
- Stage 1(punishment orientation)
- Stage 2(pleasure seaking orientation)
- Conventional Level
- Stage 3 (good boy/good girl orientation)
- Stage 4 (authority orientation)
- Post Conventional Level
- Stage 5 (social contract orientation)
- Stage 6 (morality of individuality principles)
-
Pre Conventional level
moral development in which moral reasoning is based on reward and punishment from those of authority
-
Stage 1-Punishment Orientation
individual is characterized as not understanding the rules or feeling a sense of obligation to them, terms of possible punishment, experience only that which is good or pleasant or avoid that which is painful or bad, defer to the power of adults and obey rules to avoid trouble or punishment
-
Stage 2-Pleasure Seaking Orientation
satisfy their own needs be behaving in a manner that will gain rewards and the return of favors, no internalization of values, only what is right and wrong. Concerns about others, is only in regards to what benefits the individual can gain for themselves. No concern for others
-
Conventional Level
stage of moral development in which the expectations of the social group, family, community, nation, are supported and maintained
-
Stage 3-Good Boy/Good Girl Orientation
good behavior to please others in the immediate group or bring approval, emphasis on being nice, internalize parental, societal values.
-
Stage 4-Authority Orientation
emphasis upholding the law, order authority, parent’s teachers, God and social rules, feeling of doing ones duty to society
-
Post Conventional Level
moral development, the individual considers universal moral principles which supersede the authority of the group.
-
Stage 5-Social Contract Orientation
thinks in terms of rights of others, the general welfare of the community, duty to conform to the laws and standards established by the will of the majority. Flexibility in the interpretation and application of the rules, greater for the good, best for the people.
-
Stage 6-Morality of Individualty Principles
directed by self chosen ethical principles that tend to be general, comprehensive or universal, high value is placed on justice, dignity and equality.
Considers not only the actual law and rules of society but also their own self chosen standards of justice and respect for human dignity.
***** This is a theoretical stage because people never reach this stage on a regular basis. If everyone could get to this level, we could do away with rules and laws. Everyone’s concept of morality would be a respect for people. To never violate or harm anyone else, we would all use an internal guiding mechanism that would always do the right thing
|
|
