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Glottis
space between the vocal folds
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subglottal region
area below the vocal folds
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cricoid cartilage
- rests atop the trachea-(most inferior of laryngeal structures)
- articulates at the cricothyroid joint
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thyroid cartilage
- largest of laryngeal structures.
- Articulates at the cricothyroid joint with the cricoid cartilage by means of paired processes that let it rock backward and forward at that joint.
- Articulates with hyoid bone by means of a pair of superior processes.
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arytenoid cartilages
- paired
- ride on the high-backed upper surface of the cricoid cartilage
- forms posterior point of attachment for the vocal folds
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corniculate cartilages
- ride on superior surface of each arytenoid
- prominent landmarks in the aryepiglottic folds
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epiglottis
- medial to hyoid and thyroid cartilage.
- a protective structure that will drop to cover the orifice of the larynx during swallowing.
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Cavities of Laryngeal Region
- From superior to inferior:
- – Valleculae – upper front margin of larynx
- – Pyriform sinus – upper back margin of larynx
- – Aditus – entry to larynx
- – Vestibule – upper cavity
- – Ventricle – lateral cavities above vocal folds
- – Glottis – space between vocal folds
- – Subglottal atrium – lower cavity
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Extrinsic Ligaments
- Provide attachment between the hyoid or trachea and cartilage of the larynx.
- Thyrohyoid membrane
- Lateral thyrohyoid ligament
- Median Thyrohyoid ligament
- Hyoepiglottic ligament
- thyroepiglottic ligament
- Lateral/median glossoepiglottic ligaments
- cricotracheal ligament
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thyrohyoid ligament
stretches across the space between the greater cornu of the hyoid and the lateral thyroid
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lateral thyrohyoid ligament
posterior to thyrohyoid mem. runs from the superior cornu of the thyroid to the posterior tip of the greater cornu hyoid
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median thyrohyoid ligamentq
running from the corpus hyoid to the upper border of the anterior thyroid
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hyoepiglottic ligament and thyroepiglottic ligament
attach the epiglottis to the corpus hyoid and the inner thyroid cartilage, just below the notch
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lateral and median glossoepiglottic ligaments
epiglottic attachment to the tongue
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cricotracheal ligament
attaches trachea to the larynx
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valleculae
- – Located at the base of the tongue, between the tongue and the epiglottis
- – One located on each side of the epiglottis
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pyriform sinus
- – Located at the back of the larynx/pharynx
- – Entrance to the esophagus
- – One on each side of the esophagus
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Cavities of the laryngeal region
- Aditus
- Vestibule
- Ventricle
- Glottis
- sub-glottal atrium
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Aditus
- – Superior margin of the larynx proper
- – Bordered by the aryepiglottic fold (which connects the epiglottis to the arytenoid cartilages within the larynx)
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Vestibule
– Upper cavity of the larynx between the aditus and the “false” vocal folds
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Ventricle
– Space between the false vocal folds and the vocal folds
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Glottis
– Space between the false vocal folds and the vocal folds
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sub-glottal atrium
– Entry to the trachea
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Intrinsic Ligaments
- connect the cartilages of the larynx and form the support structure for the cavity of the larynx, as well as that of the vocal folds.
- Aryepiglottic folds,
- middle cricothyroid ligament,
- conus elasticus,
- quadrangular membrane,
- vocal folds,
- ventricular folds/false vocal folds
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aryepiglottic muscles
- course from the side of the epiglottis to the arytenoid apex
- forms the upper margin of the quadrangular membranes and laterally, the epiglottic folds
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Five Layers of the vocal fold
- 1)squamous epithelium(keeps the delicate tissues of the vocal folds moist by assisting in fluid retention
- 2)superficial lamina propia (SLP) (cushion the vocal folds
- 3)intermediate lamina propia (ILP) (combo of SLP and ILP provides elasticity/strength)
- 4)Deep lamina propia (DLP) (primarily supportive, ILP and DLP combine to make up the vocal ligament)
- 5)thyroarytenoid muscle (thyrovocalis/thyromuscularis) (the active element of the vocal folds)
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