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a stimulation/outside force that is detected by the body
sensation
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interpretation of a sensation
perception
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what are picked by senses?
sensations
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what are the five senses?
taste, smell, touch, hear, sight
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organ that senses something
sensory organ
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what are sensory nerves?
nuerons
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what is it called when there are limits of the senses?
thresholds
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absolute least or most of a stimulus that can be detected
absolute threshold
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the smallest amount of difference detectable of two things
difference threshold
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senses changes to new conditions
sensory adaption
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what are the components of the eye?
-
thin membrane of the eye
lens
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what does the lens do?
- -focus the light
- -bends the light
- -bends or stretches to properly refract the light
-
muscle structure that expands or contracts
iris
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lining in the back of the eye
retina
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the retina is covered by _________ that burns in the image
photoreceptors
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what are the two photoreceptors in the eye?
rods and cones
-
hold light and dark receptors
rods
-
-
flips image right side up and sends it to the brain
optic nerve
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where does the retina send the image?
to the optic nerve
-
where does the optic nerve connect?
blind spot
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why do old folks need glasses?
- -retinal deterioation
- -optic nerve damage
- -lens damage
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what is a problem that is genetic and has to do with the cones
color-blindness
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frequency of vibration
pitch
-
the intensity of the waves
volume
-
what is an example for threshold for pitch
the dog whistle
-
what 3 things does the ear contain?
Ear drum, 3 small bones, Cochlea,
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what is the sensory organ of hearing?
the ear (middle and inner)
-
like a drum skin, and it's a thin membrane that vibrates waves when you strike it
ear drum
-
what are the 3 small bones?
anvil, hammer, and stirrup
-
what do the 3 small bones do?
they vibrate, sending vibration deeper into the ear
-
what is shaped like a snail shell and is filled with liquid that amplifies sounds
cochlea
-
the cochlea is covered w/ them, and they grab the vibrations & convert into an electrical/chemical message
-and attatched to the auditory nerve
nuerons
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problem with ear structure
conductive deafness
-
problem with cochlea (nerve dammage/nueron dammage)
sensorinual
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what sensory organ is for the smell sense
nose
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what sense capture chemicals that have been emitted
smell sense
-
what does the smell nuerons do?
- -grab on to the chemicals
- -send them to the olfactory nerve
-
what carries the smell sensation captured by the nuerons to the brain?
olfactory nerve
-
what is heavily co-dependent on smell and the sensory organ is the tongue?
taste sense
-
what are the nuerons called that the tongue is covered with?
taste buds
-
what are the four tastes?
sweet, sour, bitter, and salty
-
what is the sensory organ for skin?
skin
-
what are the three dedicated purposes for skin?
pressure, pain, and temperature
-
what's located in logical places and have very sharp sensors attatched directly to hair?
pressure
-
what is concentrated in certain spots and is a warning system?
pain
-
suggests that the brain can hold only so many messages? too many messages..some aren't read?
Gates Theory of Pain
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what sensors are everywhere and can adjust?
temperature
-
the sense of balance
vestibular sense
-
sense of movement/body control
kinestitic sense
-
a personal interpretation of sensation
perception
-
what does perception do?
-assign meaning to sensation
-
what are the rules/guidelines of perception?
- -closure
- -foreground perception
- -proximity
- -similarity
- -continuity
- -common fate
- -motion
- -monocular cues
- -binocular cues
-
mind will close of gaps in sensations to make sense of them
closure
-
tendency to look at foreground before background
-tendency to look in the center
-is vital to motion detection
foreground-perception
-
tendency to see like items that are close as being the same
proximity
-
we group the items
similarity
-
to prefer smooth and continuous patterns
continuity
-
like items grouped together; we assume they have a common destiny
motion perception
-
-
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what are the constancies?
- -shape
- -color
- -brightness
- -presence
- -size
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