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what is authority?
one who writes rules, role, how to act (author)
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what is power?
one who influences and enforces rules
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main idea?
people living in groups recognize the need for government
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what system of government existed before democracy? how did this change?
Authoritarian rulers, Monarchy
rise of democratic ideas, people who had something to lose wanted laws
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where did democracy begin?
ancient greece/ rome
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what did the greeks use to (investigate, study, question) things?
logic and reasoning
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what were the 2 assumptions greeks made about the universe? how were they a big change?
1. the universe is put together in an orderly way, has absolute and unchanging laws
2. people can understand them using logic+reasoning
people used to use tradition and superstition, gods
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socrates-
- father of philosophy,
- made socratic method(question + answers)
- question beleifs
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plato-
world would be perfect with philosopher kings
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what were the greek natural laws and how'd they relate to government
predictable patterns which provided explanations of how world, universe and society work
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describe direct democracy
qualified people rule, 1 qualified person = 1 vote, majority rules
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what are the 3 branches of gov, what they do, and what they are in the u.s.
- 1. legislative - make laws - congress
- 2. executive - enforce laws - presidenrt
- 3. judicial - interpret laws - supreme court
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what is a republic?
indirect democracy, "qualified people" elect people to vote for them
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when do we use indirect/direct democracy?
direct: locally, effects people directly, locals know best
indirect: state and federal, Reps. learn about issues so we don't have to.
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how did the romans get such a big empire?
tolerance of other cultures, laws apply to all people equally
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what were ancient rome's laws based on?
reason and justice, unified culture
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what was an important change regarding roman laws?
they were written down, no more "whim"
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what are the 4 principles of roman laws?
- 1. equal treatment under law
- 2. innocent until proven guilty
- 3. burden of proof on accuser not accused
- 4. any unfair laws can be set aside
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what does democracy mean? explain.
Demos(people) - Kratos(rule) = Qualified people rule
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what is a democratic reform?
more people become "qualified"
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what are 3 other institutions of thought that relate to gov. types?
1. monarchy- ruled by 1 person, king
2. aristocracy- ruled by the rich
3. oligarchy- ruled by a few powerful people
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