A&P Ch 15

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Oxytocin
Posterior pituitary gland
- Promotes contraction of myometrium of uterus (labor)
- Promotes relaese of milk from mammayr glands
- Nerve impulses from hypothalamus the result of stretching of cervix or stimulation of ni0pple
- Secretion from placenta at end of gestation-stimulus unknown
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Posterior Pituitary gland
- Increases water reabsorption by the kidney tubules (water returns to the blood)
- Decreased water content in the body (alcohol nhibits secretion)
Growth Hormone
(Anterior Pituitary)
- Increases rate of mitosis
- Increases amino acid transport into cells
- Increases reate of protein synthisis
- Increases use of fats for energy
- GHRH (hypothalamus) stimulates secretion
- GHIH(hypothalamus) inhibits secretion
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Anterior Pituitary Gland
- Increases secretion of thyroxine and T3 by thyroid gland
- TRH(hypothalamus)
Adrenocorticotropic
Anterior Pituitary Gland
- Increases secretion of cortisol by the adrenal cortex
- CRH(hypothalamus)
Prolactin
Anterior Pituitary Gland
- Stimulates milk production by the mammary glands
- PRH(hypothalamus)
- PIH(hypothalamus)
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone(FSH)
Anterior Pituitary Gland
- In Women:
- Initiates growth of ova in ovarian follicles
- Increases secretion of estrogen by follicle cells
- In Men:
- Initiates sperm production in the testes
- Gonadotropic hormone (GnRH)
Luteinizing Hormone(LH)(ICSH)
Anterior Pituitary Gland
- In women:
- Causes ovulation
- Causes the ruptured ovarian follicle to become the corpus luteum
- Increases secretion of progesteron by the corpus luteum
- In Men:
- Increases secretion of testosterone by the interstitial cells of the testes
- Gonadotropic hormone (GnRH)
Thyroxine(T4) and Triiodothyronine(T3)
Thyroid Gland
- Increase energy production from all food types
- Increase rate of protein synthesis
- Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Calcitonin
Thyroid Gland
- Decreases the reabsorption of calcium and phosphate from bones to blood
- Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid Hormone(PTH)
Parathyroid Gland
- Increases the reabsorption of calcium and phosphate from bone to blood
- Increases absorption of calcuim and phosphate by the small intestine
- Increases teh reabsorption of calcuim and the excretion of phosphate by the kidneys
- Hypocalcemia
Glucagon
Pancrease
- Increases conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver
- Increases the use of excess amino acids and of fats for energy
- Hypoglycemia
Insulin
Pancrease
- Increases glucose transport into cells and the use of glucose for energy production
- Increases the conversion of excess glucose to glycogen in the liver and muscles
- Increases amino acid adn fatty acid transport into cells and their use in synthesis reactions
- Hyperglycemia
Norepinephrine
Adrenal Medulla
- Causes vasoconstriction in skin, viscera, and skeletal muscle
- Sympathetic impulses from the hypothalamus in stress situations
Epinephrine
Adrenal Medulla
- Increases heart rate and force of contraction
- Dilates bronchoiles
- Decreases peristalsis
- Increases conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver
- Causes vasodilation in skeletal muscles
- Causes vasoconstriction in skin and viscera
- Increases use of fats for energy
- Increases the rate of cell respiration
- Sympathetic impulses from the hypothalamus in stress situations
Aldosterone
Adrenal Cortex
- Increases reabsorption of sodium ions by the kidneys to the blood
- Increases excretion of potassium ions by the kidneys in urine
- Low blood sodium
- Low blood volume or blood pressure
Cortisol
Adrenal Cortex
- Increases use of fats and excess amino acids from energy
- Decreases use of glucose for energy(except for the brain)
- Increases conversion of glucose to glycogen in the liver
- Anti-inflammatory effect: stabilized lysosomes and blocks the effects of histamine
- High blood potassium level
- ACTH during physiological stress

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A&P Ch 15

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A&P ch 15

Updated

2010-09-29T17:26:07Z