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Genetic Mutation
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Mutation
A change in genetic material
Point Mutations
Frameshift Mutations
Spontaneous
Mutagen-induced
Mutagens can be chemical or physical
Mutagens increase mutation rate by 10-1000X
Point Mutations
Single base change
Three kinds:
A. Silent
B. Missense
C. Nonsense
A. Silent Mutation
Single base change that still codes for the same amino acid
Due to redundancy in genetic code
B. Missense Mutation
Single base change that alters codon
Different amino acid results
Can have serious consequences
C. Nonsense Mutation
Single base change that results in a STOP codon
Frameshift Mutations
Change in the reading frame
Due to insertion or deletion of a base
Chemical Mutagens
Nitrous acid (HNO2)
Nucleoside analogs
Benzopyrene
aflatoxin
Physical Mutagens
X rays
UV
Genetic Regulation
All organisms must regulate their metabolism
2 ways
Vary number of enzymes
Vary activity of enzymes
Genetic expression
Some genes are on all the time
: constitutively expressed
Others are only expressed when needed
Mechanisms of Genetic Control
A. Repression
: inhibition of gene expression by a repressor
B. Induction
: turning on a gene by an inducer
Author
bamerb07
ID
38334
Card Set
Genetic Mutation
Description
Micro Quiz
Updated
2010-09-29T14:12:59Z
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