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What are the ANS do?
- Regulates body temperature
- Coordinates cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, excretory, and reproductive functions
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Routine physiological adjustments to systems are made by the____________ operating at the subconscious level.
ANS
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What are the major divisions of the ANS?
- Sympathetic
- Parasympathetic
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What can ANS generally do?
- always active
- can activate or inhibit an organ
- releases neurotransmitter
- casuses short term changes
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What regions of the brain effect the ANS regulatory activities?
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus (headquarter of autonomic function)
- Limbic system
- cerebral cortex
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The ANS, like the somatic nervous system, has ____ and ____neurons.
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In the ANS the afferent pathways originate in________ and the efferent pathways connect to _______.
- Visceral Receptors
- Visceral Effector Organs
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How does the ANS differ from the SNS?
the arrangement of the neurons connecting the central nervous system to the effector organs
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Preganglionic Neurons are what?
Visceral motor neurons in the CNS
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What do the Visceral motor neurons?
Send axons to synapse on ganglionic neurons
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Visceral efferents from the thoracic and lumbar segments form the __________ of the ANS.
Thoracolumbar (sympathetic) division
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The thoracolumbar division is also known as what?
"Fight or Flight" system
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What does the Sympathetic Division generally do?
- Stimulates tissue metabolism
- Increase alertness
- Prepares the body to deal with emergencies
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Visceral efferents leaving the brain stem and sacral segments from the ____________.
Craniosacral (parasympathetic) division
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The craniosacral division is known as what?
"Rest and Repose" system
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What does the Craniosacral division generally do?
Conserves energy and promotes sedentary activities.
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Neurotransmitter effects are.....
- All preganglionic terminals release Arch and are excitatory
- All postganglionic parasympathetic terminals release ACh and effects may be excitatory or inhibitory
- Most postganglionic sympathetic terminals release norepinephrine (NE) and effect are usually excitatory
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What is Dual innervation?
When vital organs (except sweat glands) receive instruction from both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers.
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What does the Sympathetic Division consist of?
- Preganglionic neurons between spinal cord segments T1 and L2
- Ganglionic neurons in ganglia near the vertebral column
- Specialized neurons within the adrenal gland
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_________ include alpha and beta receptors.
Sympathetic
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________ are sensitive to epinephrine and unresponsive to noreepinephrine and they may produce either inhibition or excitation.
Beta Receptors
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