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Theocratic totalitarianism
A political system in which political power is monopolized by a party, group, or individual that governs according to religious principles
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Totalitarianism
A political system in which one person or political party exercises absolute control over all spheres of human life and prohibits opposing political parties
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Communist totalitarianism
A version of collectivism advocating that socialism can only be achieved through a totalitarian dictatorship
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Socialism
The political system that believes in state ownership of a country’s means of production, distribution, and exchange so that all can benefit
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Right-wing totalitarianism
A political system in which political power is monopolized by a party, group, or individual that generally permits individual economic freedom but restricts individual political freedom, including free speech, often on the grounds that it would lead to the rise of communism
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Culture
A system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people and that when taken together constitute a design for living
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Mores
Norms that are seen as central to the functioning of a society and to its social life
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Social strata
The hierarchical categories within a society, defined on the basis of such elements as family background, income, and occupation
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Caste system
A closed system of stratification in which social position is determined by the family into which a person is born, and change out of that strata is usually not possible during a person’s lifetime
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Class system
A less rigid social stratification system, in which mobility is possible depending on a person’s achievements or even just luck
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Class consciousness
A condition where people tend to perceive themselves in terms of their class background, shaping how they relate with members of other classes
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Masculinity versus femininity
Extent to which a society differentiates and emphasizes traditional gender and work roles; a masculine characterization means there is more differentiation, whereas a feminine level means there is less
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Individualism versus collectivism
Extent to which a society teaches individuals either to prize personal achievement or to conversely look after the interests of their collective first and foremost
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