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3 species
schistisoma mansoni, haematobium, japonicum
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differences from trematodes
dioecious, live in blood, nonoperculated eggs, no redia, no metacercaria, not food-borne
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species w terminal spine
haematobium
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species with lateral spine
mansoni
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species with knob
japonicum
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h2o stimulates cilia, miracidium spins and pushes on suture
hatching
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parasitic castration via schistosomin causes snail to overproduce
daughter sporocyst
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morphology of cercaria
mouth, gi tract, glands, tail
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produce attachment mucus
post-acetabular glands
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enzymes for entrance into host
pre-acetabular glands
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schistosomes live in
venules of mesentery
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adult morphology
- oral sucker
- ventral sucker
- NO PHARYNX
- cecum
- gynecophoral canal
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Male tegument of japonicum
smooth
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tegument of mansoni and haematobium
contains tubercles
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produces 200-300 eggs/day
SM
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produces 3500 eggs/day
SJ
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How adults avoid immune attack
molecular mimicry
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How do eggs leave DH
releases eggs in smaller veins ->enter gut/bladder lumen -> endothelial cells wall off egg -> miracidium releases egg antigen -> GRANULOSA forms
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cercaria penetrate skin and form allergic rxn
cercarial dermatitis
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heavy infection at onset of egg production
Katayama fever
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effect of schistosomiasis on liver
fibrous tissue forms, hepatomegaly, circulation impeded
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effect of schistosomiasis on bladder
fibrosis of bladder and ureters, back up to kidneys, damage
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how to diagnose infection with SH
eggs in URINE and feces, blood in urine (hematuria)
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how to diagnose infection with SJ or SM
eggs in feces
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Treatment of S infection
- praziquantel- effects tegument
- artemether- damage teg and cecum
- vaccine development
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control mechanisms
- kill adults
- human waste disposal
- snail control
- boots/gloves
- education
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Schistosomiasis control initiative
- Bill & melinda gates foundation
- praz to sub-saharah africa
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