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what is the field of view of a microscope
the part you look into
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what is the ocular lens
lens that you look through
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what kind of microscope do we use in lab
compound light microscope
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what is the body tube of the microscope
the white tube
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what is the circle thing / nose piece
Objective lens 2nd mag
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what is the 4x mag used for on the microscope
scanning
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what is the yellow 10x mag used for on the microscope
power
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what is the blue 40x mag used for on the microscope
objective
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why do we not twist the microscope to the white lens
because it is used only for liquid slides
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what is the stage platform on the microscope
where the slide rests
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what are the slide clips on the microscope
hold the slide in place
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the left side knobs adjust what?
slide clips
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what is the condenser iris diaphram
glass below the stage platform. Adjusts the amount of light going through the slide
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what is the bottom of the microscope
light source
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what knob turns the microscope on/off
red knob on right side
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what is the course adjustment
large knob on the outer side of the microscope
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how should the microscope properly be put up
power cord should be wound from about 1ft of the base. leave about 1ft @ the end of the cord to wrap around the wound part of the cord and lay it on the platform
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how do you calculate the total magnification
power octular lens x power objective lens
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what are the 3 types of connective tissue
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what are the 2 types of dense connective tissue
- dense regular
- dense irregular
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what are the 3 types of cartilage
- hyaline
- elastic
- fibrocartilage
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what are the 5 types of connective tissue
- loose connective
- dense connective
- cartilage
- bone
- blood
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what are the 3 types of muscular tissue
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what are the 3 types of nervous tissue
- nervous tissue
- neurons
- neuroglia
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what is connective tissue classified by
based on the presence of a cell and the type of extra-cellular matix (ground substance and fibers)
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what is loose connective areolar
- gell like matrix contains all three fiber (collagen,elastin, and reticular);
- fibroblast cell type
- widely distributed under epithelium; and forms lamina propria and wraps and cushions organs
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what is loose connective adipose tissue
matrix contains sparse amount of all three fibers; adipocytes have a flattened nucleus as a result of fat droplets contained inside of the cell; used as fuel resource
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loose connective reticular tissue
reticular fibers with reticular cells in loose ground substance; found in lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen; fibers form internal skeleton that supports other cell types. no slides on this one
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what is dense regular connective tissue
fibroblasts with collagen fibers; forms ligaments (connecting bone to bone), tendons (connecting bone to muscle), and aponeurosis (connecting muscle to muscle)
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what is dense irregular connective tissue
irregularly arranged collagen fibers with fibroblasts; found in the dermis of the skin and fibrous joint capsules; withstands tension and provides strength
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what is hyaline cartilage
chondroblasts produce matrix with few collagen fibers, chrondrocytes located within lacunae (spaces); found in ribs, nose, trachea, and the larynx; supports and reinforces
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what is elastic cartilage
chondroblasts produce matrix with elastic fibers; supports external ear; maintains shape and structure
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what is fibrocartilage
matrix similar to hyaline but less firm and also contains more and thicker collagen fibers; component of intervertebral discs; gives tensile strength. slides not available
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what is bone
hard, calcified matrix containing many collagen fibers; osteocytes lie in lacunae; high vascularized; forms skeletal system; provides support and protection as well as blood production. obvious haversian (central) canal with many lamellae and canaliculi present
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what is blood
erythrocytes (RBCs) leukocytes (WBcs) and cell fragments called thrombocytes (platelets); located in blood vessels; transports respiratory gases, wastes, nutrients etc.
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what is skeletal muscle
long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells with striations (specific arrangement of actin and myosin); attached to skeleton and skin; under voluntary control; provides movement
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what is cardiac muscle
branching, uninucleate,striated cells with junctions (intercalated discs); located in the walls of the heart; is under involuntary control; propels blood (circulation)
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what is smooth muscle
spindle-shaped, uninuceate cells without striations; found in the walls of hollow organs; under involuntary control; propels substances
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what is nervous tissue
- conducts electrical impulses and has integrative functions.
- composed of neurons which are branching cells located in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves
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what is neurons
transmit electrochemical signals from sensory receptors to effectors
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what is neuroglia
- are cells surrounding neurons and help to feed, support, and protect
- composed of dendrites, a cell body and an axon
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what is the epidermis
- - outer surface of the skin
- - composed of stratified squamous epithelium
- - has 5 layers
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what is the stratum corneum
most superficial layer; 20-30 layers of dead cells represented only by flat membranous sacs filled with keratin.
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what is stratum granulosum
3-5 cell layers of flattened cells, organelles deteriorating; cytoplasm full of lamellated granules (release lipids) and keratohyaline granules
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what is stratum spinosum
several layers of keratinocytes unified by desmosomes. cells contain thick bundles of intermediate filaments made of pre-kertain
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what is stratum basale
deepest epidermal layer; one row of actively mitotic stem cells; some newly formed cells become part of the more superficial layers
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