Chapter 21

the concept that people often perform better when other people are watching than they do when they are alone

the concern about the opinion of others, is another reason that the presence of other people may improve an individual's performance

when people are working together toward a common goal rather than working on individual tasks, they may "slack off" and not try as hard

the tendency for people to feel less responsible for accomplishing a task when the effort is shared among members of a group

the tendency for people to take greater risks when they are part of a group than they would as individuals acting on their own

rules that govern group decision making

the group agrees to a decision that was initially supported by a majority of group members

the members of a group come to realize that one option is better than others after they learn more about the different choices available

some groups concur with a decision after two-third of their members come to an agreement about the correct choice

applies to groups that are deadlocked, or split fifty-fifty, about a decision

this strengthening of a group's shared attitudes

exert absolute control over all decisions for the group

encourage group members to express and discuss their ideas and to make their own decisions

encourage group members to express and explore their own ideas

to modify one's attitudes and behavior to make them consistent with those of other people

the standards of behavior that people share

spoken or written rules

unspoken, unwritten rules

tendency for people to give up in to major demands once they have given in to minor ones

venting of aggressive impulses

people are less likely to give aid when other bystanders are present