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Two types of breathing emergencies
- respiratory distress: most common
- respiratory arrest
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Cyanotic
bluish discoloration of the skin around the mouth or fingertips resulting from a lack of oxygen in the blood
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Croup
viral infection that causes swelling of the tissues around the vocal cords.
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Epiglottitis
bacterial infection that causes a severe inflammation of the epiglottis
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Airway obstruction
- most common cause of respiratory emergencies
- anatomical- swelling, etc
- mechanical-foreign object
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How respiratory arrest is cared for
rescue breathing
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ABC's of breathing- listing
- airway
- breathing
- circulation
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airway
- Head-tilt/chin-lift technique: Push down on the forehead
- while pulling up the bony part of the jaw.
- This opens the airway by moving the tongue away from the
- back of the throat and allowing air to enter the lungs.
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Breathing
- After opening the airway: Look, listen and feel for
- breathing/movement for no more than 10 seconds.
- If no breathing is detected perform 2 rescue breaths,
- each lasting about 1 second.
- Check for a pulse on children and infants.
- If no pulse is detected and/or air is going into the
- lungs but the victim is not breathing on their own, perform CPR.
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Circulation
- When an adult’s heart stops beating it is usually a
- result of disease.
- In the case of an infant/child it is usually the result
- of a breathing emergency.
- After giving two rescue breaths and detecting no signs
- of life, CPR should be performed.
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Questions to ask victim
- What is your name?
- What happened?
- Do you feel pain/discomfort anywhere?
- Do you have any allergies?
- Do you have any medical conditions?
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How to transport a victim ?
- Make sure you know the quickest route to emergency care
- facility.
- Ask someone to go with you if at all possible to keep
- victim calm.
- Pay close attention to the victim’s condition
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Body Cavity
A body cavity is a space in the body that contains organs such as the liver, lungs and heart
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5 Major cavities- short answer
- cranial-head, skull, brain
- spinal-bottom of skull to lower back,spinal cord
- thoracic- trunk, contains heart and lungs
- abdominal- trunk between diaphragm and pelvis, most organs
- pelvic- located in pelvis, bladder, rectum, reproductive organs,
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Body systems
- Respiratory
- Circulatory
- Nervous
- Musculoskeletal
- Integumentary
- Endocrine
- Digestive
- Genitourninary
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Disease transmission
passage of a disease from one person to another
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Difference between bacteria and viruses
- Bacteria is everywhere and most does not infect humans
- VIRUSES- depend on
- other organisms to live and reproduce.
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3 blood borne pathogens and how they are spread
- Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
- Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
- HIV
- All three can be
- spread through direct contact transmission as well as indirect contact transmission with infected blood or other body fluids.
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direct contact-example
Blood splashing in the eye, or directly touching body fluids from an infected person
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standard precautions
- PERSONAL HYGIENE
- PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
- Wear disposable, single use gloves.
- Remove jewelry before wearing gloves.
- Cover any cuts scrapes or sores prior to wearing protective equipment.
- DO NOT use disposable gloves that are discolored, torn or punctured.
- DO NOT clean or reuse gloves.
- Wear mask, eyewear or gown if potential for splash exists
- Use breathing barriers when giving rescue breaths.
- Remove disposable gloves w/out contacting soiled part of the gloves and dispose them in proper container.
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Obtaining consent
- Conscious victim as the right to refuse or accept care.
- To get consent you must tell victim:
- Who you are
- Your level of training
- The care you would like to give them.
- UNCONSCIOUS victim: consent is implied
- Consent is also implied for an infant or child if parent/guardian is not available.
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Prevalence of Good Samaritan laws in U.S.
- All states have them
- When a citizen responds to emergency and acts as a reasonable and prudent person, Good Samaritan immunity generally prevails.
- Legal immunity protects citizen responders from being sued
- *Reasonable and prudent responder would:
- Move a victim only if his/her life was endangered.
- Check the victim for life threatening emergencies before giving further care.
- Call 9-1-1
- Ask conscious victim for permission
- Give care only to the level of his/her training
- Continue to give care until more highly trained personnel arrive.
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Four common types of emergency moves- listing
- Walking assist- most basic, performed by one or two responders to a conscious victim
- Pack Strap Carry- can be used on conscious or unconscious victim
- Two Person Seat Carry- used for any victim who is conscious and not seriously injured
- Clothes Drag- used to move conscious or unconscious victim who is suspected of head, neck or back injury
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Steps involved in checking the scene
- Is the scene safe?
- What happened?
- How many victims are there?
- Are bystanders available to help?
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Two types of emerencies
- Sudden Illness
- Ex. Heart attack or Severe Allergic Reaction
- Injury
- Ex. Damage to the body from external force
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