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"When I am laid in Earth"
Baroque Opera
- Larger work: "Dido and Aeneas"
- Composer: Henry Purcell
- responsible for the 1st english opera
- As dido sings, she is preparing herself for sucicide
- The ground bass statements, the melody moves freely above it
- Recitative and aria only
- Chromatic scale-bass
- Melismatic
- Vibrato
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"Ev'ry Valley"
Baroque Ortario
- Larger work: Messiah
- Composer: G.F. Handel
- The solo voice is a tenor
- The tempo is moderately fast
- The musical setting of the word "exalted" is a sequence, melismatic, and an example of text painting
- Just before the conclusion the tempo suddenly slows down and the voice sings alone
- The instrument accompaniment relates to the singer as being equal or as an accompaniment to the voice.
- English
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"Hallelujah"
Baroque Ortario
- Larger work: Messiah
- Composer: G.F. Handel
- English
Instrument: Harpsichord
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"The little fugue in G minor"
Baroque solo & Chamber Music
- Composer: J.S. Bach
- The rhythm of the subject begins slow and gets faster
- In the initial exposition, subjects enter from highest to lowest registers
- The countersubject begins with faster notes than subject
- The subject is heard in a major key twice
- The texture is predominantly polyphonic
- Instrument: Piano
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"Bouree 1"
Baroque solo & Chamber Music
- Larger work: Cello suite no.3 in C major
- Composer: J.S. Bach
- This movement has 2 distinct sections
- This movement does not have a strophic form
- This is a quadruplle meter
- The polyphonic texture is suggested by leaps in the melody implying more than one melody
- The melody in the A section features 2 fast pickup notes preceding important beats
- Instrument: Cello
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"Spring, Mvt. 1"
Baroque Orchestra
- Larger work: (The four Seasons) Le Quattro Stagione
- Composer: A. Vivaldi
- The form of the opening ritornello is AABB
- Polyphonic texture is not present in the opening ritornello
- This work ritornellos following the opening ritornello are never repeated in full
- The tempo of this movement is moderately fast
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Basso Continuo
- 1st used to accompany singers-then spread to all other music during Baroque period
- Needs 2 ppl to play
- Bass instrument (cello, bassoon, etc.)
- -plays the lowest notes/bass line
- Chordal instrument (lute, harpsichord, organ)
- -fills in the chords
- Figured Bass
- Notational system used to indicate what to play for basso continuo players
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Baroque Vocal Styles
- Recitativeadopt rhytmhs of ordinary speechdoes not repeat lines
- Aria
expressive meoldy - poetic pattern
- ternary form (ABA) de capo arias
- Ortario
- Opera
- dramatic piece
- Passion
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Exposition(polyphonic)
- 1st voice is the subject2nd voice is the answer1st voice -> countersubject while 2nd voice is in play
- 3rd voice is now the subject & 2nd voice is the countersubject
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The Concerto
- Concerto Grosso-small solo groups & orchestra
- multi-movement work contrasting a small group of solo instruments
- Solo Concerto-solo instrument & orchestra
- A multimovement baroque work that differs from concerto grosso in that the concertino consists of only one instrument.
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Ritornello
Return, repetition. Commone in cencerto grosso. Thematic material for ripieno return between concertino passages.
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Program Music
The name gives a hint
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Absolute Music
Is more abstract
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Fugue
A composition that uses imitative polyphony and is organized around the returns of a theme or subject and a countermelody (countersubject) that often appears with it. Fugues can have more than one subject, but just one is more common.
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Bass ground
A bass line that constantly repeats a short melody
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Forte
A loud dynamic level.
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Piano
A soft dynamic level.
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Suite
- A series of instrumental movements, each based on a particular dance rhythm.
- allemande
- courante
- sarabande
- gigue
- gavotte
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Suite
A series of instrumental movements, each based on a particular dance rhythm.
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Sonata
An instrumental work consisting of three or four contrasting movements.
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Trio Sonata
2 upper voices & basso continuo- cello & keyboard-- 4 musicians
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Unaccompanied sonata
1 musician
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Figured Bass
- Musical "shorthand" the jazz of the Baroque period
- Number for chordal instrument to invent/create an accompaniment
- plays written/given melody either "as written" or
- freedom to add ornaments &/or extra notes
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