GenBio2Test1

Mosses with dominant gametophyte, no vascular tissue, flagellated sperm

Ferns with dominant sporophye, free-living gametophyte, vasculartissue, and flagellated sperm.

Conifers with dominant sporophyte, vascular tissue, and production of seeds.

Flowering plants with dominant sporophyte, vascular tissue, and production of seeds & fruits.

• 1. Meiosis in the anthers produces haploid spores that form the male gametophyte (pollen grains)
• 2. Meiosis in the ovule produces a haploid spore that forms a tiny female gametophyte, including the egg
• 3. A pollen tube from the pollen grain to the ovulecarries a sperm that fertilizes the egg to form a zygote
• 4. Each ovule develops into a seed, consisting of anembryo (a new sporophyte) with a food supply and aseed coat
• 5. The ovary wall forms a fruit

Apical meristems.

It allows roots to push down through soil and shoots to grow upward toward the sun.

Vascular cambium.

Lateral (Horizontally)

• Secondary xylem produces wood toward the interior of the stem
• Secondary phloem produces the inner bark toward the exterior of the stem

• Secondary phloem
• Cork cambium
• Cork

Sapwood is located near the vascular cambium and transport water.

Stores resins and wastes, becomes clogged.

• Dead at maturity
• Transports water & minerals through a combination of transpiration and root pressure

• Alive at maturity
• Transport sugar/sap through pressure flow mechanism

Support and long-distance transport.

Outer protective covering

• Bulk of the plant body
• Food production, storage, support

Plants that complete their life cycle in one year.

Plants that complete their life cycle within two years.

Plants that live for many years.

CO₂ + H₂O + Sunlight ----> C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ - ---> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O

They occur in thylakoid membranes and involve photons exciting electrons in Photosystem II and Photosystem I. The electrons that become excited in the pigment molecule in Photosystem II are replaced with electrons from splitting water molecules. The electrons progress from Photosystem II through an electron transport chain (generating ATP) to Photosystem I, where they're excited by another photon, at which point they can energize the electron shuttle molecule.

Occurs in the stroma and converts CO₂ to a 3-carbon sugar using the energy from ATP and electron shuttle molecules produced in the light reactions. Technically the cycle must run three times (one for each CO₂ molecule) to produce the 3-carbon sugar.

The free radical activity of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

Thought to be encouraged by the greenhouse effect, where excess CO₂ in the atmosphere traps heat energy instead of allowing it to pass through the atmosphere into space.

Pores in leaves that allow CO₂ to enter into the leaves but also allows water to evaporate when from the surface of leaves.

Regulate the amount of water lost from leaves by changing shape and closing thestomatal pore

consist of fungi, like algae and cyanobacteria, living in close association with photosynthetic organisms.

Plants that trap insects and other arthropods in order to get nutrients.

They increase surface area for absorption.

Absorptive heterotrophic eukaryotes thatdigest their food externally and absorb the nutrients

Angiosperms that provide the majority of human diet.

Autotrophs that use the energy of light to produce organic molecules

A fungus that works with the roots to help absorb water and minerals from the soil.

• The Haploid Gametophyte that produces gametes (eggs and sperm)
• The Diploid Sporophyte that produces haploid spores in sporangia by meiosis

• Only opening stomata at night when air is cooler
• Saving water during photosynthesis
• Bank CO₂ as a 4-Carbon sugar

The waxy barrier on the cells of the endodermis.